用于放射性去污的自脆型复合去污剂的制备及性能研究  

Preparation and performance study of the self-embrittle composite detergent for radioactive decontamination

作　　者：李银涛 王宇拓 张政权[2] 周元林 王善强 LI Yintao;WANG Yutuo;ZHANG Zhengquan;ZHOU Yuanlin;WANG Shanqiang(State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;School of Materials and Chemistry,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear,Biological and Chemical Disaster Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学材料与化学学院,绵阳621010 [3]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205

出　　处：《核技术》2024年第10期126-134,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.11zg2119)资助。

摘　　要：自脆型去污技术是一种新型的核清洁方法,其原理是去污剂膜在吸附污染物后会破裂并自然脱落,从而实现去污。将经过γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性的纳米SiO_(2)与无规共聚物P(MMA-co-MAA-co-HFBMA)乳液进行复配,制备出一种具有自脆功能的复合去污剂。通过红外光谱(Infrared Spectroscopy,IR)、热重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)和透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy,TEM)分析复合乳液的结构与性能,结果显示:调整无规共聚物中MMA与MAA的比例可以控制去污剂的自脆形态。当MMA/MAA/HFBMA=7/5/0.1时去污剂具有良好的自脆性,能在材料的表面形成尺寸均一和大小适中的脆片,这便于后续的收集处理。且对模拟放射性落下灰(掺入K元素)的去污率大于95%,展示出良好的去污效果。[Background]As a new decontamination approach,the self-embrittle decontamination technology is that the membrane will crack and peel off naturally to achieve the purpose of decontamination after the decontamination agent membrane adsorbs pollutants.[Purpose]This study aims to prepare several surface radioactive decontaminants and analyze their performance of decontamination.[Methods]The composite detergent with the self-embrittle function was prepared by compounding nano-SiO_(2) modified withγ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane with random copolymer P(MMA-co-MAA-co-HFBMA)emulsion.The structure and properties of the composite emulsion were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy(IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).[Results]Observed results show that the control of the self-embrittle morphology of the detergent can be realized by adjusting the ratio of MMA/MAA in the random copolymer.When MMA/MAA/HFBMA=7/5/0.1,the detergent has the good self-brittleness and forms uniformly sized and moderately sized embrittle flakes on the surface of the material,which facilitates subsequent collection and processing.And the decontamination rate of simulated radioactive fallout ash(mixed with elemental K)is greater than 95%.[Conclusions]The composite detergent with the self-embrittle function prepared in this study demonstrates good decontamination effects.

关 键 词：复合去污剂 自脆 放射性去污 复合乳液 

分 类 号：TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业]