交叉渡线道岔应用现状与结构优化措施  

Application Status and Structural Optimization Measures of Intersecting Crossover Turnout

作　　者：何宇强 肖致明 张岩 HE Yuqiang;XIAO Zhiming;ZHANG Yan(Guoneng Shuohuang Railway Development Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司,北京100089

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2024年第10期32-36,共5页Railway Engineering

基　　金：国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司科技创新项目(GJNY-20-106)。

摘　　要：综合考虑交叉渡线道岔的轨距、轨型、号码、类型、线间距等多个关键参数,对国内主型交叉渡线道岔的使用情况进行了详细统计,并介绍了国外相关标准推荐的交叉渡线道岔型号。通过现场调研,揭示了菱形交叉部位存在的主要问题,如辙叉轨件伤损、岔枕定位精度差、扣件系统保持轨距能力不足等。针对这些问题,从扣件系统、锐角辙叉、钝角辙叉、岔枕结构等多个方面提出了针对性结构优化措施。具体措施包括:在菱形交叉部位设计应用预埋铁座式扣件系统,以增强横向稳定性;采用合金钢组合锐角辙叉,以降低心轨磨损程度;通过增强岔枕截面尺寸及配筋来提高岔枕的承载能力和稳定性。这些措施减轻了道岔的养护维修工作量,延长了菱形交叉的使用寿命,从而提升了铁路系统的整体性能。Taking into account multiple key parameters such as track gauge,track type,number,type,and line spacing of intersecting crossover turnouts,a detailed statistical analysis was conducted on the usage of domestic main intersecting crossover turnouts,and the recommended intersecting crossover turnout types in relevant foreign standards were introduced.Through on-site research,the main problems at the diamond shaped intersection were revealed,such as damage to the frog rail components,poor positioning accuracy of the turnout sleeper,and insufficient ability of the fastening system to maintain track gauge.In response to these issues,targeted structural optimization measures have been proposed from multiple aspects such as fastening systems,acute angle turnouts,obtuse angle turnouts,and turnout sleeper structures.Specific measures include designing and applying pre-embedded iron seat type fastening systems at diamond shaped intersections to enhance lateral stability,using alloy steel combined acute angle turnouts to reduce the degree of point rail wear,and improving the bearing capacity and stability of turnout sleepers by enhancing their cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement.These measures have reduced the maintenance workload of turnouts,extended the service life of diamond crossover,and thus improved the overall performance of the railway system.

关 键 词：交叉渡线道岔 预埋铁座式扣件系统 岔枕 钝角辙叉 锐角辙叉 结构优化 

分 类 号：U213.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]