数字时代主权的嬗变与国际安全秩序重塑  

The Evolution of Sovereignty and the Reshaping of International Security Order in the Digital Era

作　　者：罗有成 LUO Youcheng

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人工智能法学院、科学技术法学研究院,重庆401120

出　　处：《国际展望》2024年第6期89-112,161,162,共26页Global Review

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社科研究项目“党的二十届三中全会精神研究阐释专项课题”(24SKCS)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在新技术革命的推动下,主权的疆域、主体、要素和权能均发生了显著变化。数字主权的提出,为重新解释国际安全秩序的进程和结构,以及重新定义相关的行为者提供了有力支撑。从功能性视角来看,数字主权本质上是一种“技术主权”,关键在于主权国家是否拥有对数字空间行使主权的技术能力。随着数字主权被视为一种安全化工具,这将导致安全威胁认知的改变,进而引发主权能力代差下的国家权力竞争、“国家—网络科技巨头—国际对手”复杂三角关系深度嵌入地缘政治博弈、加剧数字空间安全困境和秩序退化等现象。中国关于“合作主权论”的构想与数字空间的本质属性相契合,是缓解数字主权无序竞争、推进国际安全秩序良性重塑的创新方案。但这一构想面临两大挑战:一是如何回应美国追求的单边数字主权;二是如何定位网络科技巨头在全球数字空间治理中的重要角色。In the context of a new technological revolution,the concepts of sovereignty——its territory,subjects,elements,and powers——have fundamentally transformed.The rise of digital sovereignty has provided a powerful impetus for reinterpreting international security structures and processes while redefining the relevant actors involved.Traditional theories,such as“territorial sovereignty extension”and“functional sovereignty”fall short of effectively explaining the legitimacy and validity of digital sovereignty.At its core,digital sovereignty represents a form of“technological sovereignty”which depends on a state's capacity to exercise authority over digital spaces.As digital sovereignty increasingly becomes viewed as a security tool,this shift will alter perceptions of security threats.Consequently,it may trigger competition for national power amid disparities in sovereign capabilities,deepen geopolitical rivalries through“triangular relationships”and exacerbate security dilemmas and the erosion of order in the digital domain.China's concept of“cooperative sovereignty”aligns well with the inherent characteristics of the digital landscape,offering an innovative approach to mitigating the chaotic competition surrounding digital sovereignty while promoting a constructive reshaping of international security.However,this concept faces two significant challenges:first,how to address the U.S.pursuit of unilateral digital sovereignty;and second,how to delineate the crucial role of tech giants in the global governance of digital spaces.

关 键 词：数字时代 国家主权 数字主权 国家安全 数字空间治理 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]