美国《通胀削减法》中清洁汽车补贴的规则属性与产业影响  

The Rule Attributes and Industrial Impact of Clean Vehicle Subsidies in the U.S.Inflation Reduction Act

作　　者：熊灵[1] 吴雯靖 XIONG Ling;WU Wenjing(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际问题研究院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2024年第5期42-64,共23页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：2022年8月美国政府颁布了《通胀削减法》,2024年5月美国财政部和国税局发布了《通胀削减法》清洁汽车补贴条款的最终规定。《通胀削减法》中的清洁汽车补贴条款具有明显的歧视性,引发各国广泛关注和质疑。通过条文分析和案例对照,该条款涉嫌违反了WTO的国民待遇原则、最惠国待遇原则和《补贴与反补贴措施协定》,是对WTO体系下的公平竞争市场规则的公然挑衅。由于其不公正的补贴,清洁汽车补贴条款给欧盟、日本、韩国等国带来重大不利影响,长远来看也会给我国的电动汽车及其电池生产产业带来被围堵、被脱钩的风险。为此,我国应当积极运用WTO规则,维护我国合法权益,在争取更广泛的国际合作的同时,不断增强清洁汽车产业竞争力。In August 2022,the U.S.Biden government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act(IRA),and in May 2024,the U.S.Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service(IRS)issued the final regulations on the clean vehicle subsidy provisions of the IRA.The clean vehicle subsidy provisions in the IRA are obviously discriminatory,triggering widespread concern and questioning from various countries.It is not difficult to see through the analysis of the provisions and the comparison of cases that the provision violates the WTO principles of national treatment,most-favored-nation(MFN)treatment and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(SCM Agreement),and it is a blatant provocation to the market rules of fair competition under the WTO system.Due to its unfair subsidies,the clean vehicle provisions will bring significant adverse impacts to the EU,Japan,South Korea and other countries,and in the long run,it will also bring a crisis to the field of China's electric vehicles and their battery production,and even the whole clean energy industry.For this reason,China should actively use the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests,and at the same time,enhance the competitiveness of the clean vehicle industry at the domestic level,and strive for broader international cooperation at the international level.

关 键 词：美国《通胀削减法》 清洁汽车补贴 WTO规则 补贴与反补贴措施协定 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D996.1[经济管理—产业经济] F426.471