最高人民法院答复性文件研究  

Study of the Supreme People's Court's Replying Documents

作　　者：彭中礼[1] Peng Zhongli

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第6期3-22,共20页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中南大学哲学社会科学创新团队“智慧司法研究创新团队”(2024CXTD02)资助项目。

摘　　要：答复性文件是最高人民法院引导和治理司法实践的重要司法解释性质文件。答复性文件是一类文件形式的统称,主要包括(复)函、答复、解答以及答记者问等形式。答复性文件具有被动性、权威性以及终端性等特征。从功能上看,答复性文件定位于回答请示事项、回应程序性商洽以及丰富法源规范(理由);从成因上看,最高人民法院通过答复性文件决断司法实践中的法律问题、公开具体规则制定过程中的相关问题以及促进关于法律观点的交流和沟通。司法实践表明,答复性文件经常被法院当作裁判理由甚至裁判依据,但其实践运用也存在说理不清、效力不足以及方法不当等问题。法院要善于运用法律方法处理应用答复性文件时面临的问题。理论研究与实践探究表明,在推进司法改革过程当中,要充分发挥答复性文件的知识传递、信息传播功能,尽可能减少其规范功能,从而为充分实现人民法院依法独立审判案件奠定方法论基础。Replying documents are important judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's Court to guide and govern judicial practice.Replying documents are a collective term for a class of documents,including(re)letters,replies,an-swers,and answers to journalists'questions,among other forms.Reply documents have passive,authoritative and terminal characteristics.Functionally,they are designed to answer requests,respond to procedural negotiations,and enrich legal norms(reasons);Genetically,the Supreme People's Court uses them to decide legal issues in judicial practice,to dis-close issues in the process of specific rule-making,and to facilitate exchanges and communication on legal issues.Judicial practice has shown that reply documents are often used by the courts as a reason for judgement or even as a basis for judge-ment,but there are also problems of unclear reasoning,insufficient effectiveness and inappropriate methodology in their practical use.Courts should be good at using legal methods to deal with the problems faced in the application of responsive documents.Theoretical research and practical studies have shown that,in the process of promoting judicial reform,it is necessary to give full play to the knowledge-transferring and information-disseminating functions of responsive documents and to reduce their normative functions as much as possible,so as to lay a methodological foundation for the full realization of the people's courts'independence in adjudicating cases in accordance with the law.

关 键 词：最高人民法院 答复性文件 裁判理由 司法适用 法律方法 

分 类 号：D926.21[政治法律—法学]