论肖像许可使用合同的法定解除  

On the Statutory Dissolution of Portrait License Contracts

作　　者：杨显滨 Yang Xianbin

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第6期89-101,共13页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(22AZD149)“系统论视野下的数字法治基本问题研究”。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1022条第2款与第563条第1款是并列关系,不是包含关系。第1022条第2款“正当理由”的立法宗旨在于通过抗辩事由扩大肖像权人(许可人)解除肖像许可使用合同的行权范围,但为了兼顾被许可人的利益,应当以“造成严重精神损害”对“正当理由”进行限缩解释,并设定60日以上的合理期限。因可归责于肖像权人的事由解除肖像许可使用合同的,肖像权人应当给予被许可人适当补偿,而非损害赔偿。在具体适用上,存在因不可抗力无法实现合同目的、预期违约、迟延履行、根本违约及法律规定的其他情形的,肖像权人可以适用第563条第1款解除肖像许可使用合同。存在第563条第1款之外的“正当理由”的,肖像权人可以适用第1022条第2款解除肖像许可使用合同。第563条第1款所列各项与第1022条第2款的“正当理由”并存者,肖像权人有选择权。除导致合同目的不能实现的其他不可抗力、意外事件引发情势变更,履行合同已经或即将造成肖像权人严重精神损害的,构成第1022条第2款中的“正当理由”,肖像权人可以行使法定解除权解除肖像许可使用合同。Article 1022(2)and Article 563(1)of the Civil Code are coordinating relation rather than inclusion rela-tionship.The legislative intent of"just cause"in Article 1022(2)is to expand the exercise of rights scope of the person who holds the right to likeness over the image(licensor)rescinding the contract authorizing the use of the image by reason of defense.However,"just cause"should be narrowly interpreted by"causing severe mental harm"and a reasonable no-tice period of more than 60 days should be set in order to balance the interests of the licensee.When the contract authori-zing the use of the image is rescinded due to the reason attributing to the person holding the right to likeness over the image,he should provide the licensee with appropriate compensation rather than damages.In terms of specific application,if there are situations such as the purpose of the contract not being achieved due to force majeure,anticipatory breach of contract,delay in performance,fundamental breach of contract or other situations stipulated by law,the person holding the right to likeness over the image may apply Article 563(1)to rescind the contract authorizing the use of the image.If there are"just causes"other than those listed in Article 563(1),the person holding the right to likeness over the imagine may ap-ply Article 1022(2)to rescind the contract authorizing the use of the image.If the terms listed in Article 563(1)coexist with the"just cause"in Article 1022(2),the person holding the right to likeness over the image has the right to choose.Other than reasons such as the purpose of the contract not being achieved due to force majeure,unforeseen situations that lead to a change of circumstances,the performance of the contract has caused or is about to cause the person holding the right to likeness over the image severe mental harm,which constitute"just cause"in Article 1022(2),the person holding the right to likeness over the image may exercise the statutory right to rescind the contract authorizing the use of the image.

关 键 词：肖像许可使用合同 法定解除权 正当理由 抗辩事由 适当补偿 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]