基于仿生鲨鱼鳍结构的高速磁悬浮列车气动减阻研究  

Research on aerodynamic drag reduction of high-speed maglev train based on bionic shark fin structure

作　　者：李志伟 吴京龙 黄莎 曾广志 公维斯 LI Zhiwei;WU Jinglong;HUANG Sha;ZENG Guangzhi;GONG Weisi(School of Rail Transportation,Wuyi University,Jiangmen 529020,China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation,Maintenance and Emergency Management for Rail Transit of Wuyi University,Jiangmen 529020,China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong 999077,China;CRRC Shandong Locomotive&Rolling Stock Co.Ltd.,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]五邑大学轨道交通学院,广东江门529020 [2]五邑大学轨道交通智能运维与应急管理重点实验室,广东江门529020 [3]香港理工大学土木及环境工程学系,中国香港999077 [4]中车山东机车车辆有限公司,山东济南250022

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期4007-4019,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2022A1515010011);五邑大学港澳联合研发基金资助项目(2019WGALH17);2023年江门市基础与理论科技计划项目(2023JC01020)。

摘　　要：随着列车运行速度不断提升,气动阻力急剧增大,引发高能耗,不利于轨道交通节能。本文基于仿生学思想,提出一种安装于磁浮列车尾部的仿生鲨鱼鳍减阻结构,并采用三维Realizable k-ε两方程湍流模型,对安装鲨鱼鳍结构前后的高速磁悬浮列车周围流场及尾流特性进行数值模拟,分析鲨鱼鳍结构参数对列车尾流及气动阻力的影响。研究结果表明:鱼鳍结构使列车尾流向车辆纵向对称中心汇聚,从而起到了减速、增压的效果;不同鱼鳍结构参数对列车头车和中间车的气动阻力影响很小,但对尾车的气动阻力影响明显,且主要影响尾车压差阻力;当在鱼鳍高度较小时改变鱼鳍前角,或在鱼鳍前角较小时改变鱼鳍高度,尾车气动阻力受到的影响更为显著,即尾车气动阻力随鱼鳍高度的增加和前角的增大均呈现平缓下降趋势。当仿生鱼鳍高度为300 mm、前角为60°时,气动减阻效果最佳,尾车减阻率达10.2%,整车减阻率达4.3%。研究成果可为更高速列车的气动减阻降耗提供技术参考。With the continuous increase of train speed,the aerodynamic drag increases sharply,which leads to high energy consumption,hindering energy-saving for rail transit.Based on the idea of bionics,a bionic shark fin structure installed on the tail of maglev train was proposed to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the train.The three-dimensional Realizable k-εtwo-equation turbulence model was used to simulate the flow field and wake characteristics of the high-speed maglev train with or without shark fin structures,and the influence of structure parameters on the wake and aerodynamic resistance of the train was analyzed.The results show that the fin structure makes the train wake converge to the longitudinal center of the train,resulting in decrease in velocity and increase in pressure.Fin structure parameters have little effect on the aerodynamic resistance of the head and middle car,but significant effect on the tail car,especially on the pressure differential resistance of the tail car.When the front angle of a fin with smaller height,or the height of a fin with smaller front angle change,the aerodynamic effect is more significant on the tail car.The aerodynamic drag of the tail slowly decreases with the increase of fin heigh and front angle.In this study,when the fin height of the bionic shark is 300 mm and the front angle is 60°,the aerodynamic drag reduction effect is the best,the drag reduction rate of the tail car reaches 10.2%,and the drag reduction rate of the whole train is 4.3%.The research results can provide technical reference for the reduction of aerodynamic resistance and energy consumption of higher speed train.

关 键 词：磁悬浮列车 气动减阻 仿生鲨鱼鳍 尾流 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]