启蒙理想 社会主义精神 世俗追求——论20 世纪80 年代小说中的三类女性婚恋观念  

Enlightenment Ideals,Socialist Spirit,Secular Pursuits:On the Three Types of Female Marriage and Romance Concepts in 1980s Novels

作　　者：徐洪军 XV Hong-jun(School of Chinese Literature,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范大学文学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2024年第6期75-86,共12页Journal of Shandong Women's University

摘　　要：在20世纪80年代的小说创作中,存在着三种类型的女性婚恋观念。一种是对“真爱”的追求。这种婚恋观体现了启蒙主义知识分子的幸福理想:充分张扬与肯定人的主体性和个人的价值追求。由于这种理想与当时的主流意识形态存在着较大分歧,因而在社会生活中很难落实。第二种是“社会主义新人”式的爱情。这种婚恋观体现的是官方的幸福主张:在物质生活充分实现现代化的同时,在精神领域毫不动摇地坚持社会主义道路。这种爱情观念最终因为官方的理论追求与传统观念之间的纠缠以及与80年代社会现实之间的矛盾也难以实现。第三种是永恒而又世俗的婚姻。它体现的是普通民众的幸福理解:幸福在很大程度上意味着物质文化生活需求的满足。改革开放以来,这种不太考虑精神层面而主要侧重于物质追求的婚恋观念在日常生活中有着十分顽强的生命力。但是,这种婚恋观带有浓厚的功利主义倾向,而且,由于其缺少对情感生活的积极体验和对人生意义的积极追问,在追求真正幸福的道路上也带来了很多问题。In the literary writing of the 1980s,there existed three types of concepts of marriage and love.One is the pursuit of“true love”.This concept of marriage and love embodies the happiness ideal of enlightenment intellectuals,which is the full promotion and affirmation of human subjectivity and the pursuit of personal values.Since this ideal was at odds with the prevailing ideology of the time,it was difficult to realize in social life.The second is the“new socialist man”type of love.This concept of love embodied the official idea of happiness:while fully modernizing material life,it unswervingly adhered to socialism in the spiritual sphere.In the end,this concept of love was difficult to realize because of the entanglement between the official theoretical pursuit and the traditional concepts,as well as the contradiction with the social reality of the 1980s.The third type is the eternal and secular marriage.It embodies the common people’s understanding of happiness:happiness means,to the greatest extent possible,the greatest fulfillment of the needs of material and cultural life.Since the reform and opening up,this kind of marriage concept which does not consider the spiritual dimension too much but focuses mainly on material pursuits has a very tenacious vitality in daily life.However,this concept of marriage has a strong utilitarian tendency,and because of its lack of positive experience of emotional life and positive inquiry about the meaning of life,it has brought many problems in the pursuit of real happiness.

关 键 词：80年代 婚恋观念 启蒙理想 社会主义精神 世俗追求 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学]