优化施肥对水稻产量和肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of optimal fertilization on rice yield and fertilizer utilization

作　　者：杨晓磊[1] 梁子豪 刘文超 梁硕硕 张建辉[3] 陶宏[3] 沙之敏[2] YANG Xiaolei;LIANG Zihao;LIU Wenchao;LIANG Shuoshuo;ZHANG Jianhui;TAO Hong;SHA Zhimin(Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China;School of Agricultureand Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Qingpu District AgriculturalTechnology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201799,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [3]上海市青浦区农业技术推广服务中心,上海201799

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第5期1-7,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市2021年度“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(21DZ12024)。

摘　　要：依据水稻养分吸收规律,通过设置优化施肥处理组、常规施肥处理组和氮、磷、钾减素处理组,比较了不同处理下水稻产量、养分积累量、肥料偏生产力、肥料农学效率和回收利用率等差异。结果表明:除减氮处理外,其他处理间水稻产量无显著性差异。与常规施肥处理相比,优化施肥处理的水稻产量提高了1.7%,其氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的农学效率分别提高了53.89%、248.02%和34.88%,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的回收利用率分别提高了14.89%、138.07%和19.60%。结合土壤中的养分含量,发现青浦区土壤中的磷、钾含量较高,氮肥农学效率和回收利用率均低全国平均水平。基于作物养分吸收规律,采用缓释肥料替代传统肥料并减少肥料施用量,是保障水稻产量并提高养分利用率、减少养分流失的重要手段。The rice yield,nutrient accumulation,partial factor productivity,agronomic efficiency,and recovery efficiency of fertilizers were investigated under different treatments:optimized fertilization,conventional fertilization,and reduced nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)treatments.The results showed no significant difference in rice yield between treatments,except for the reduced nitrogen group.Compared to conventional fertilization,optimized fertilization increased rice yield by 1.7%,with N,P,and K agronomic efficiencies improved by 53.89%,248.02%,and 34.88%,respectively.Additionally,the recovery efficiencies of N,P,and K fertilizers increased by 14.89%,138.07%,and 19.60%,respectively.Based on soil nutrient content,the study revealed that phosphorus and potassium levels in the soil of Qingpu District were relatively high,the agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer were lower than the national average.The findings suggested that replacing traditional fertilizers with slow-release alternatives and reducing application rates based on crop nutrient absorption patterns were critical strategies to maintain rice yield,improve nutrient use efficiency,and mitigate nutrient losses.

关 键 词：水稻 缓释肥 肥料利用率 农学效率 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S158