摘心及定植方式对‘福白菊’产量的影响  

Effects of core-picking and planting methods on yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubaiju’

作　　者：蔡晓霖 詹庆玲 邓正清 夏故成 陈发棣[1] 管志勇[1] CAI Xiaolin;ZHAN Qingling;DENG Zhengqing;XIA Gucheng;CHEN Fadi;GUAN Zhiyong(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University∕State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation∕Key Laboratory of Landscape Design of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210095,China;Futianhe Agricultural Service Center,Huanggang 438331,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院∕作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室∕农业农村部景观设计重点实验室,南京210095 [2]麻城市福田河农业服务中心,黄冈438331

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第5期25-31,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001500);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2019384);江苏省政策引导类计划(SZ-SQ2019022)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同定植密度和摘心处理对‘福白菊’产量与品质的影响,以期为‘福白菊’的高效产业化栽培提供依据,对同一时间定植的‘福白菊’按照摘心次数和摘心程度设置15种不同的摘心处理,其中一次摘心的3个处理分别为:主茎留9叶、12叶和15叶摘除顶梢,两次摘心的6个处理是基于一次摘心后萌发的侧枝,分别留9叶和12叶摘除侧枝的顶梢。三次摘心的6个处理是在二次摘心的基础上,留9叶摘除二级侧枝的顶梢。另外设置3种整地做畦定植方式,对应3种定植密度,分别是:单畦单行定植(每667 m^(2)栽1587株)、单畦双行定植(每667 m^(2)栽1709株)、单畦三行定植(每667 m^(2)栽1754株)。通过在花期测量株高、冠幅、单株花数、单株产量,旨在选择基于高产目标‘福白菊’适合的摘心方案和定植密度。结果表明:摘心可以增加‘福白菊’单株开花数量,所有摘心的单株产量皆优于未摘心的对照。此外,摘心还有提高一、二茬花比例的明显作用。在15种摘心方案中,“12-12”“12-9-9”“12-12-9”三个方案产量最高,综合“省工”和“高产”目标,推荐“12-12”方案,即主茎留12片展开叶摘第一次心,待侧枝萌生达到12片叶以上时,留12片展开叶进行第二次摘心。在3种整地定植方案中,单畦双行定植方式的单位面积产量表现最佳;单畦单行的估算单位面积产量较单畦双行仅低1.5%,但其单株产量最高;单畦三行的单株产量最低,单位面积产量较单畦双行低15.3%。在‘福白菊’生产中,采用单畦双行整地、株距60 cm,每667 m^(2)栽1600—1700株,按照“12-12”两次摘心,能达到高效和高产的目标。To study the effects of different planting densities and topping treatments at different times on the yield and quality of‘Fubaiju’,and to provide a basis for the industrial cultivation of‘Fubaiju’,fifteen distinct topping treatments were applied to the simultaneous planting of‘Fubaiju’,based on varying topping frequencies and specifications for the branches.This included three treatments for the initial topping,wherein 9,12,and 15 leaves were removed from the main stem.Subsequently,six treatments were employed for the second topping,involving the retention of 9 or 12 leaves on the sprouting side branches after the first topping,followed by the removal of the top tips of the side branches.Additionally,six treatments were implemented for the third topping,entailing the retention of 9 leaves on the secondary side branches following the second topping,with subsequent removal of the branch tops.Furthermore,three types of land preparation were established,corresponding to three distinct planting densities:single-row in a ridge(1587 plants per 667 m^(2)),double-row in a ridge(1709 plants per 667 m^(2)),and three-row in a ridge(1754 plants per 667 m^(2)).Measurements of plant height,crown width,number of flowers per plant,and yield per plant were conducted during the flowering period in order to identify suitable topping treatments and group planting densities for‘Fubaiju’.The results showed that topping has been shown to enhance the floral output per‘Fubaiju’plant.Furthermore,all topping treatments demonstrate superior yields per plant compared to the control group.Notably,topping also significantly enhances the proportion of one and two flowering batches.Among the 15 different topping treatments evaluated,the“12-12”,“12-9-9”,and“12-12-9”regimens exhibit the highest yields.For comprehensive labor efficiency and optimal productivity objectives,we recommend adopting the“12-12”treatment,involving topping the main stem when it reaches 12 unfolded leaves and trimming the side shoots once

关 键 词：福白菊 摘心 定植密度 产量 

分 类 号：S571.9[农业科学—作物学]