不同春化处理对蚕豆生长及鲜食产量的影响  

Effects of different vernalization treatments on the growth and yield of Vicia faba L.

作　　者：陈子义 石晗 陈珏[1] 陈建清 龚玮[1] 范晓华[1] 周德尧 邹丹蓉[1] CHEN Ziyi;SHI Han;CHEN Jue;CHEN Jianqing;GONG Wei;FAN Xiaohua;ZHOU Deyao;ZOU Danrong(Shanghai Jiading District Agro-Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心,上海201800

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第5期32-37,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00757)。

摘　　要：以‘陵西一寸’蚕豆作为试验材料,设置3个春化温度水平(2℃、6℃、10℃)和3个春化天数水平(8 d、12 d、16 d),并以室温条件作为对照组,研究不同春化处理对蚕豆生长及产量动态变化的影响。结果表明:春化温度对蚕豆幼苗株高、始花期、鲜荚始收期、始花节位和累积产量有显著影响,春化时间显著影响幼苗株高、始花期和累积产量,而春化温度和春化时间的交互作用显著影响蚕豆累积产量。春化温度为6℃和10℃时,幼苗株高随着春化时间增加而增加,始花期、始荚期显著提前。相同春化时间条件下,2℃、10℃处理的蚕豆始花节位较低,但蚕豆结荚与否主要受环境影响。6℃或10℃下春化12 d、10℃下春化16 d蚕豆产量达到高峰的日期分别提前7 d、15 d。6℃和10℃春化温度下,早期产量和总产量随着春化时间的增加而增加,而且6℃下春化12 d处理的早期产量较高、总产量最高,10℃春化12 d处理的蚕豆物候期、生长发育和产量动态变化表现较好,但产量不理想。综合来说,6℃春化12 d的蚕豆早期产量、总产量较高,同时鲜荚产量达到高峰的时间较早,适合作为蚕豆促早栽培的春化处理在上海地区推广。To investigate the impact of vernalization treatments on the dynamic changes in the growth and yield of broad beans.The seedlings of‘Lingxi Yicun’broad bean were subjected to the vernalization treatments with different temperature(2℃,6℃,10℃)and duration(8 d,12 d,16 d).Seedlings cultivated at room temperature were used as the control group.The results showed that the vernalization temperature had a significant effect on seedlings height,first flower date,harvest date,first flower node and cumulative yield of broad beans.Vernalization time significantly affected the seedlings height,first flower date and cumulative yield of broad beans.Furthermore,the cumulative yield of broad beans was as well significantly affected by the interaction between vernalization temperature and duration.The height of seedlings increased with the increase of vernalization time under the conditions of 6℃and 10℃and the first flowering stage and first pod stage were significantly advanced.The first flower node of broad bean treated at 2℃and 10℃was significantly lower under the same vernalization time.There was no significant difference in the first pod node of broad bean in vernalization treatment.Vernalization at 6℃or 10℃for 12 days or 10℃for 16 days could advance the peak yield by 7 or 15 days.Under the conditions of 6℃and 10℃,the early yield and total yield increased with the increase of vernalization time.The early yield of vernalization 12 days was higher and total yield was the highest at 6℃.Though the phenological period,growth and development and yield dynamics of broad bean treated at 10℃were better,the yield was not ideal.Generally,early yield and total yield of broad beans treated at 6℃for promoting early cultivation of broad beans as a vernalization treatment in Shanghai.

关 键 词：春化温度 春化时间 蚕豆 鲜食产量 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]