新型单皮质外固定架与单边式外固定架的有限元分析  

Finite element analysis of new type of unicortical external fixator and unilateral external fixator

作　　者：刘帅洋 胡成栋 孟昊业[1] 周皓 刘镕珲 彭江[1] LIU Shuai-yang;HU Cheng-dong;MENG Hao-ye;ZHOU Hao;LIU Rong-hui;PENG Jiang(Research Institute of the Department of Orthopedics,the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Handan First Hospital,Handan 056002,Hebei Province,China;Handan Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM,Handan 056001,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部研究所,北京100853 [2]邯郸市第一医院,河北邯郸056002 [3]邯郸市中西医结合医院,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2024年第11期32-38,共7页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

摘　　要：目的:通过有限元分析方法比较新型单皮质外固定架与单边式外固定架在不同载荷模式下的生物力学性能。方法:首先,使用Mimics软件根据CT数据图像重建胫骨模型,并通过Geomagic Wrap软件对该模型进行加工修饰处理。其次,使用Solidworks软件建立新型单皮质外固定架和单边式外固定架的3D模型,在胫骨模型中制作骨折缺损,并将外固定架与胫骨骨折模型进行装配。最后,使用ABAQUS软件进行网格划分,并对装配体分别施加轴向压缩、扭转、弯曲载荷,观察其应力分布和骨折断端位移情况,评估2种外固定架的生物力学性能。结果:新型单皮质外固定架模型在3种不同载荷下的钉-骨界面平均应力和最大应力均低于单边式外固定架模型。新型单皮质外固定架的针-骨接触面的应力分布小于单边式外固定架。新型单皮质外固定架的抗扭转能力优于单边式外固定架,抗轴向压缩、抗弯曲能力小于单边式外固定架。结论:新型单皮质外固定架生物力学稳定性稍弱于单边式外固定架,但对于临时固定使用显示出足够的稳定性,同时载荷分配更合理,发生断钉和胫骨针道周围骨折以及骨针松动的可能性低于单边式外固定架。Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of new type of unicortical and unilateral external fixators by finite element analysis.Methods Firstly,a tibia model was reconstructed based on the CT data images using Mimics software,and then processed and modified by Geomagic Wrap software.Secondly,Solidworks software was used to establish the 3D models for new type of unicortical and unilateral external fixators,and fracture defect was made in the tibia model and then the model was assembled with the external fixators.Finally,mesh delineation was performed using ABAQUS software,and axial compression,torsion and bending loads were applied to the assemblies,respectively,to observe the stress distributions and fracture displacements and to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the 2 types of external fixators.Results The new type of unicortical external fixator had the mean and maximum stresses at the nail-bone interface and the stress distribution at the pin-bone contact surface lower than those of the unilateral external fixator under the three different loads,which behaved better in torsional resistance while worse in axial compression and bending resistance than the unilateral external fixator.Conclusion The new type of unicortical external fixator has the biomechanical stability slightly weaker than that of the unilateral external fixator,which shows sufficient stability and reasonable load distribution when used for temporary fixation with lower likelihood of nail breaking,periprosthetic fractures of the tibia pin tract and loosening of the bone pins when compared with the unilateral external fixator.

关 键 词：胫骨骨折 单皮质外固定架 单边式外固定架 有限元分析 生物力学 外固定 

分 类 号：R318.6[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TH781[医药卫生—基础医学]