少数民族特色饮食与心血管疾病的关系:基于西南区域少数民族聚集地世居自然人群队列研究  

Relationship between Ethnic Minority Speciality Diets and Cardiovascular Disease:Based on the Cohort Study of Natural Populations Living in Ethnic Minority Aggregation Areas in the Southwest Region

作　　者：王媛 肖斐 张宇馨 周恩慧 钟建琴 胡宇欣 洪峰[1] WANG Yuan;XIAO Fei;ZHANG Yuxin;ZHOU Enhui;ZHONG Jianqin;HU Yuxin;HONG Feng(School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州省贵阳市561113

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2025年第6期688-696,共9页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173566);国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2017YFC0907301)。

摘　　要：背景心血管疾病(CVD)是引起死亡及致残的主要慢病之一,是我国重要的公共卫生问题,目前鲜见少数民族特色饮食对CVD影响的研究。目的分析贵州省少数民族CVD的流行现状,探讨民族特色饮食与CVD患病风险的关系。方法本研究数据来源于“西南区域少数民族聚集地世居自然人群队列研究”流行病学调查数据库,2018年7月—2019年8月,采用多阶段分层抽样,对贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州和黔南布依族苗族自治州的18790名30~79岁世居三代的侗族、苗族、布依族居民进行基线调查,最终共有17085人纳入分析,根据调查对象是否患有CVD将其分为两组:CVD组(530名)和非CVD组(16555名)。由专业调查员使用该项目组开发的专用电子问卷进行面对面访谈,包括基本情况、生活习惯、疾病史、饮食情况等调查。根据少数民族饮食文化研究可知,要求调查对象回忆过去1年中吃腌制蔬菜、糯米及其制品、腌制鱼/肉类、腊/熏肉、白酸汤、红酸汤、牛/羊瘪菜、紫血肉、鱼腥草、蕨菜、油茶这11种食物的频次(次/月)。采用非条件Logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条分析民族特色饮食与CVD的关系。结果贵州省少数民族CVD总患病率为3.20%(530/17085),各民族CVD患病率为侗族3.14%(207/6599)、苗族3.13%(158/5043)、布依族3.03%(165/5443),男性患病率(3.68%)高于女性(2.80%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在总人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0.720,95%CI=0.553~0.937,P=0.015)是CVD的保护因素。在侗族人群中,蕨菜≤1次/月(OR=2.172,95%CI=1.162~4.059,P=0.015)是CVD的危险因素;在苗族人群中,糯米及其制品<1次/月(OR=0.563,95%CI=0.340~0.933,P=0.026)、油茶>1次/月(OR=0.442,95%CI=0.202~0.967,P=0.041)是CVD的保护因素;在布依族人群中,牛/羊瘪菜≤1次/月(OR=1.935,95%CI=1.046~3.579,P=0.035)是CVD的危险因素。亚组分析结果显示:在男性人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0Background Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is one of the major chronic diseases that cause death and disability,and is an important public health problem in China.At present,there are few studies on the effect of ethnic minority speciality diets on CVD.Objective To analyse the current situation of CVD prevalence among ethnic minorities in Guizhou Province,and to explore the relationship between ethnic speciality diets and the risk of CVD.Methods The data were obtained from the epidemiological survey database of the"Cohort Study of Natural Populations Living in Ethnic Minority Aggregation Areas in the Southwest Region"from July 2018 to August 2019.Multi-stage stratified sampling was adopted.A baseline survey was conducted on 18790 Dong,Miao and Bouyei residents aged 30 to 79 in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and Qiannan Bouyei Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province.A total of 17085 people were included in the analysis.According to whether the survey subjects suffered from CVD,they were divided into two groups:CVD group(530 participants)and non-CVD group(16555 participants).Face-to-face interviews were conducted by professional investigators using a special electronic questionnaire developed by the project team,which included surveys on basic information,living habits,disease history,and diet.As known from the study of ethnic minority dietary culture,the respondents were asked to recall the frequency(times/month)of eating 11 food items in the past 1 year:pickled vegetables,glutinous rice and its products,pickled fish/meat,preserved/smoked meat,white sour soup,red sour soup,cow/sheep deflated,purple-blooded meat,heartleaf houttuynia herb,fern,and oil tea.Unconditional Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the relationship between ethnic diet and CVD.Results The total prevalence of CVD among ethnic minorities in Guizhou province was 3.20%(530/17085),and the prevalence of CVD among each ethnic group was 3.14%(207/6599)for the Dong,3.13%(158/5043)for the Miao,and

关 键 词：心血管疾病 少数民族 特色饮食 贵州 LOGISTIC模型 队列研究 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]