废旧金属分类回收技术及应用研究进展  

Research progress in classified recycling technology and application of scrap metals

作　　者：徐昕霞 刘佳 崔飞鹏 李亚强 郭飞飞 沈学静 XU Xinxia;LIU Jia;CUI Feipeng;LI Yaqiang;GUO Feifei;SHEN Xuejing(NCS Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;Liaoning Materials Laboratory,Shenyang 110167,China)

机构地区：[1]钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司,北京100081 [2]辽宁材料实验室,辽宁沈阳110167

出　　处：《冶金分析》2024年第10期31-37,共7页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：辽宁材料实验室科研项目(ISST-2022-01)。

摘　　要：基于算法、成分的废旧金属智能分拣技术逐渐崭露头角,包括机器视觉、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射形貌术(XRT)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术等,本文综述了这些技术在废旧金属分类方面的最新进展。机器视觉已实现产业化应用示范,其自动化程度高,不过对环境敏感的问题需要进一步解决;X射线荧光光谱/X射线衍射形貌术技术的元素识别能力强但适用的金属种类有限;目前市场上针对金属、塑料及矿石的商业化仪器已相当成熟,LIBS技术的元素检测范围广,理论上可以覆盖全元素周期表,但检测效率较低,且技术本身仍在研究发展中。各技术均有优缺点,需融合创新以优化分类效果。未来应多技术联用提升分类能力,定制化满足市场需求,自主研发增强核心竞争力,全流程自动化提高效率,结合人工智能(AI)、区块链、云计算等技术,推动废旧金属智能分类产业迈向新台阶。In recent years,some intelligent sorting technologies for scrap metals based on algorithms and material composition have gradually emerged,including machine vision,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),X-ray diffraction topography(XRT)and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The latest progress of these technologies in classification of scrap metals were reviewed.It indicated that the machine vision had achieved industrial application demonstration with a high level of automation,but further improvements were needed to address its sensitivity to the environmental conditions.The elemental identification capabilities of XRF/XRT were strong,but limited to specific metal types.Currently,the commercial instruments for sorting metals,plastics,and ores are quite mature in the market.LIBS technology,with its wide elemental detection range that theoretically covers the entire periodic table,suffers from low detection efficiency and is still under research and development.Each technology above has its advantages and disadvantages,requiring integration and innovation to optimize the sorting results.In the future,the combination use of multiple technologies should be explored to enhance sorting capabilities,customized to meet market demands,and independent research and development should be strengthened to enhance core competitiveness.Full-process automation will improve efficiency,and the integration of artificial intelligence(AI),blockchain,and cloud computing technologies will push the scrap metal intelligent sorting industry to a new level.

关 键 词：废旧金属 分类回收 激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS) 机器视觉 X射线荧光光谱(XRF) X射线衍射形貌术(XRT) 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学]