硝化纤维素塑化效果与其表面张力的变化规律  

Plasticizing Effect of Nitrocellulose and Variation of Its Surface Tension

作　　者：曾柯 李兆乾 石先锐 朱娟[3] 李纯志 沈金朋 裴重华 ZENG Ke;LI Zhao-qian;SHI Xian-rui;ZHU Juan;LI Chun-zhi;SHEN Jin-peng;PEI Chong-hua(State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;Luzhou North Chemical Industries Co.Ltd.,Luzhou Sichuan 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [3]泸州北方化学工业股份有限公司,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第10期945-954,I0004,共11页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22275150);环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室自主课题(No.22fksy20)。

摘　　要：为了研究发射药塑化过程中的特征参数,基于双螺杆“塑化-挤出”的方法,研究了溶剂、增塑剂种类和塑化时间对单基药塑化工艺的影响;利用Owens三液法计算乙酸乙酯(EAC)、四氢呋喃(THF)、丙酮(ACE)和1∶1醇酮混合溶剂塑化后NC的表面张力,并进一步研究了不同增塑剂对表面张力的影响。结果表明,1∶1醇酮混合溶剂塑化90 min后NC表面张力最高(43.07 mN/m),且不会粘壁粘杆,是本研究中最合适的溶剂;通过接触角计算不同塑化时间时不同含氮量(12.14%、12.80%和13.45%)NC的表面张力,其表面张力最大值均出现在90 min;拉伸力学性能研究表明塑化时间为90 min时,12.80%NC的单基药同时具有最大抗拉强度(39.10 MPa)和最大断裂伸长率(16.9%),与经验法判断塑化效果较好的时间一致;含氮量12.14%和12.80%NC表面张力最大值随着增塑剂含量的增加均提前至60 min出现,13.45%NC表面张力最大值仍于90 min时出现;对应条件下,各组样品的抗拉强度及断裂伸长率与表面张力具有相同的变化趋势。因此,在NC塑化过程中,表面张力与溶剂、增塑剂和塑化时间相关,且与拉伸力学性能变化趋势具有一致性,可作为发射药塑化效果初步判断的特征参数之一。To study the characteristic parameters during the plasticization process of propellants,plasticization-extrusion experiments were performed using a twin-screw extruder.The paper aimed to investigate the influence of different solvents,types of plasticizers,and plasticization time on the plasticization of single-base propellants.The Owens three-liquid method was employed to calculate the surface tension of nitrocellulose(NC)after plasticization with various solvents,including ethyl acetate(EAC),tetrahydrofuran(THF),acetone(ACE),and a 1∶1 mixed solvent of alcohol and ACE.Further analysis was conducted to assess the impact of different plasticizers on surface tension.The results indicated that the highest surface tension of NC(43.07 mN/m)was observed after 90 minutes of plasticization with the mixed alcohol and acetone solvent,which proved to be the most suitable in this study as it prevented sticking to the walls and screws.The surface tension of NC with varying nitrogen contents(12.14%,12.80%,and 13.45%)was calculated over different plasticizing times using the contact angle method.For all nitrogen content levels,the maximum surface tension values were recorded at 90 minutes of plasticization.The tensile test revealed that at 90 minutes of plasticization,the single-base propellant with 12.80%NC exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 39.10 MPa and an elongation at break of 16.9%,aligning empirical method for determining optimal plasticization.In addition,the maximum surface tension occurred earlier at 60 minutes as the plasticizer content increased for NC with nitrogen content of 12.14%and 12.80%;while the maximum surface tension still appeared at 90 minutes for 13.45%NC.The tensile strength and elongation at the break for each group displayed trends consistent with the change in surface tension.The surface tensions were influenced by the solvent,plasticizer,and plasticization time.The trends in surface tension aligned with the tensile properties,making surface tension a valuable preliminary indicator for assess

关 键 词：材料力学 硝化纤维素 NC 增塑剂 表面张力 塑化时间 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]