基于脂肪干细胞的软骨组织工程的研究新进展  

New research progress of cartilage tissue engineering based on adipose stem cells

作　　者：赖凌勇 徐房添 张亚梁 缪圣旺 周波 LAI Ling-yong;XU Fang-tian;ZHANG Ya-liang;MIAO Sheng-wang;ZHOU Bo(The First Clinical Medical School of Gannan Medical University;Department of Orthopedics,The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣南医科大学第一临床医学院 [2]赣南医科大学第一附属医院骨科,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《赣南医科大学学报》2024年第10期1058-1063,共6页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82260433)。

摘　　要：软骨缺损的修复一直是临床上的难题。近年来,以脂肪干细胞(Adipose stem cells,ASCs)为种子细胞的软骨组织工程取得了重要进展,为软骨的修复提供了新方法,但尚不成熟。本文通过查阅国内外文献,就ASCs、相关的细胞因子以及各种新型的仿生支架等在软骨组织工程中的最新研究进展及存在的问题进行综述。文献复习结果表明,ASCs具有来源丰富、免疫原性低等优势,尤其向软骨细胞分化的能力,使其有希望成为软骨组织工程理想的种子细胞。研究发现ASCs分泌的相关细胞因子,尤其是ASCs分泌的多种细胞外囊泡、外泌体(其内含有的多种非编码RNA)具有促进ASCs软骨分化、抑制软骨细胞凋亡等作用。另外,近年来软骨组织工程支架的研发也得到很大进展,如3D打印支架、氧化石墨烯的纳米材料支架、多种天然和人工合成材料构建的复合仿生支架等。目前存在的问题是:ASCs的成软骨诱导效率尚需进一步提高,以及开发出更适合体内微环境的3D仿生支架等,这将是软骨组织工程今后研究的重点。The repair of cartilage defects has been a clinical challenge.In recent years,many significant advances have been achieved in cartilage tissue engineering using adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)as seed cells,providing an exciting new method for cartilage repair.However,it is not mature yet.We reviewed the latest research progress and existing problems in cartilage tissue engineering involving ASCs,related cytokines,and various novel biomimetic scaffolds by referring to domestic and foreign literature in this article.The results of literature review show that ASCs possess many advantages such as abundant sources and low immunogenicity,especially the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes,making them be the promising seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.Recent studies have found that related cytokines,particularly various extracellular vesicles and exosomes(containing many kinds of non-coding RNAs)secreted by ASCs can promote the cartilage differentiation of ASCs and inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes.Additionally,significant progress has been made in the research and development of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering in recent years,including 3D printing scaffolds,the nanomaterials scaffolds of graphene oxide(GO),and the composite biomimetic scaffolds constructed from various natural and synthetic materials and so on.However,there are still many challenges to be addressed.The future research in cartilage tissue engineering will focus on further improving the chondrogenic differentiation efficiency of ASCs and developing 3D biomimetic scaffolds that are more suitable for the microenvironment in vivo.

关 键 词：脂肪干细胞 软骨组织工程 支架材料 胞间信号肽类和蛋白质类 

分 类 号：R68[医药卫生—骨科学]