环境DNA技术在金沙江攀枝花段鱼类多样性研究中的应用  

Application of Environmental DNA Technology in Study of Fish Diversityin Panzhihua Section of the Jinsha River

作　　者：牛乐[1] 崔磊[2] 陈浩 王富巍 万帆 李平 NIU Le;CUI Lei;CHEN Hao;WANG Fuwei;WAN Fan;LI Ping(Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi'an 710065,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Environment,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]陕西省水生态环境工程技术研究中心,西安710065

出　　处：《西北水电》2024年第5期32-37,共6页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200103).

摘　　要：为探讨环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术在监测水生生态系统中的鱼类组成及分布的适用性,探索其在鱼类多样性研究领域中的应用潜力,采用eDNA技术和传统调查方法对金沙江攀枝花段的鱼类多样性进行了系统评估。结果显示:eDNA技术共获得526234条高质量序列,成功鉴定出3目10科43种鱼类;Simpson多样性指数变幅在0.43~0.87,平均值为0.62;Shannon多样性指数变幅在1.32~3.04,平均值为2.71;Chao1多样性指数变幅在51.22~70.56,平均值为60.30;传统调查法共计捕获鱼类386尾,分属于3目10科38种,两种调查方法检测到的鱼类相似度较高。eDNA技术在渔业资源监测领域中具备可行性,可为禁渔时期的水生生物多样性保护和渔业资源管理提供了新的方法。To explore the applicability of environmental DNA(eDNA)Metabarcoding technology in monitoring the composition and distribution of fish in aquatic ecosystems,and explore its application potential in the field of fish diversity research,eDNA technology is used to systematically evaluate the fish diversity in the Panzhihua section of the Jinsha River.The results show that a total of 526234 high-quality sequences are obtained by eDNA technology,and 43 species of fishes from 3 orders and 10 families are successfully identified.The analysis show that the variations of Simpson's diversity index range from 0.43 to 0.87,with a mean value of 0.62;Shannon's diversity index range from 1.32 to 3.04,with a mean value of 2.71;and the variations of Chao1's diversity index range from 51.22 to 70.56,with a mean value of 60.30.The total number of fishes captured in the traditional method range from 386 to 38 species of 3 orders and 10 families,with a high degree of similarity between the two methods.A total of 386 fish are caught by the traditional method,belonging to 3 orders,10 families and 38 species,and the similarity of the fish detected by the two survey methods is high.The study shows that eDNA technology is feasible for monitoring fishery resources and provides a new approach and perspective for aquatic biodiversity conservation and fishery resource management during the fishing ban period.

关 键 词：金沙江 攀枝花段 环境DNA 鱼类多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]