基于热环境实测的关中庭院气候适应性研究  

Climate Adaptability Study of Guanzhong Courtyards Based on Thermal Environment Measurements

作　　者：崔晓晨 刘衍 袁玮晴 杨柳 CUI Xiaochen;LIU Yan;YUAN Weiqing;YANG Liu(State Key Laboratory of Green Building,Xi’an 710055,China;School of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]绿色建筑全国重点实验室,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2024年第10期33-42,共10页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国建筑气候分区理论、方法与区划”(51838011)。

摘　　要：关中民居以四合院为基本形制,庭院是提高民居适应气候能力及提升热舒适的有效途径。前人虽已揭示庭院对气候的适应特性,但缺乏实测数据支撑,且庭院对热舒适的影响程度缺少量化研究。通过实地热环境测试,验证了庭院的气候适应特性,量化了庭院内气候要素与室内外舒适度之间的相关性。结果表明,冬季庭院主要通过温度缓冲和防冷风来提高热舒适,太阳辐射强度对热舒适的影响较为有限;夏季庭院主要通过缓冲极端温度、遮挡室外太阳辐射,并通过合理地开门通风时间来提高舒适度。为关中地区乡村建筑设计提供理论基础和指导方向。Traditional dwellings in Guanzhong region typically take the form of quadrangle courtyards,with courtyards serving as an effective means to enhance climate adaptation and thermal comfort.Although previous studies have revealed the adaptive characteristics of courtyards to the climate,there has been a lack of empirical data to support these findings,and a lack of quantitative research on the impact of courtyards on thermal comfort.This study,through thermal environmental testing,has validated the climate adaptation characteristics of the courtyard and quantified the correlation between climate elements in the courtyard and thermal comfort.The results indicate that in the winter,courtyards primarily enhance thermal comfort through temperature buffering and protection against cold winds,with solar radiation having a relatively limited impact.In the summer,courtyards mainly improve comfort by buffering extreme temperatures,shading outdoor solar radiation,and implementing appropriate door opening and ventilation strategies.This research provides a theoretical foundation and guidance for the design of rural buildings in the Guanzhong region.

关 键 词：关中民居 庭院 气候适应性 热环境测试 

分 类 号：TU201.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]