生态补偿能否促进绿色经济发展?——基于新安江流域横向生态补偿试点的证据  

Can Eco-Compensation Promote Green Economic Development?Evidence from Xin'an River Basin Horizontal Eco-Compensation Pilot

作　　者：杨秋月 阳镇 陈劲[3,4] YANG Qiuyue;YANG Zhen;CHEN Jin(School of Marxism,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Research Center for Technological Innovation,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学马克思主义学院,合肥230601 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [4]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第10期3-20,共18页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目(AHSKQ2023D128)。

摘　　要：生态补偿是应对生态破坏、环境污染、经济发展不平衡等问题的重要政策部署,对于推动地区绿色经济发展具有重要作用。以中央政府和皖浙两省政府积极推动实施的新安江流域横向生态补偿政策为依据,基于2003—2020年皖浙两省县域面板数据,采用双重差分法定量研究了该政策影响受偿地区绿色经济发展的效应和机制。研究发现:(1)新安江流域横向生态补偿政策显著提高了受偿地区的绿色全要素生产率,有助于推动该地区绿色经济发展。(2)从“减污”和“增长”的双重目标来看,该政策有助于降低水污染强度,但对受偿地区经济增长的影响并不显著。(3)机制研究结果表明,新安江流域横向生态补偿政策能够通过弱化污染型工业发展和提高劳动生产率的方式来提升受偿地区的绿色全要素生产率,而难以通过促进技术创新的方式提高该地区的绿色全要素生产率。(4)异质性分析结果表明,新安江流域横向生态补偿政策对上游地区绿色经济发展的促进作用显著强于下游地区,而该政策的污染减排效应和经济增长效应在上下游地区之间无显著差异。因此,中央政府和地方各级政府应当继续推进流域横向生态补偿试点建设,建立流域横向生态补偿的长效机制,推动受偿地区绿色经济发展。Xin'an River Basin is an important ecological barrier in the Yangtze River Delta and has an essential ecological strategic position. It is one of the rare and urgently needed water ecological regions in China at present. However, there are problems in the Xin'an River Basin, such as intensified water pollution, prominent agricultural non-point source pollution, and imbalanced economic development. The contradiction between economic development and environmental protection seriously restricts the sustainable economic development of the Xin'an River Basin. Against this background, since2011, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces have explored and carried out the first pilot work of trans-provincial watershed horizontal eco-compensation in the Xin'an River Basin. From a practical perspective, Xin'an River Basin horizontal eco-compensation(XRBHE) policy has improved watershed comprehensive management level, improved watershed eco-environment quality, and promoted watershed green economic development. From a theoretical perspective, existing studies mainly evaluate the policy effects from a single aspect of economic or environmental benefits, neglecting the effects and mechanisms of the XRBHE policy on green economic development. Therefore, exploring the impact of the XRBHE policy on green economic development in China has important practical and theoretical significance.Given this, this study treats the XRBHE policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and adopts the county-level economic and environmental data of Anhui and Zhejiang provinces from 2003 to 2020 to examine the impact of the XRBHE policy on green economic growth by utilising the difference-in-differences(DID) model and a series of robustness tests. The results show that: First, the XRBHE policy significantly improves green total factor productivity in compensated areas, which is conducive to promoting regional green economic development. Second, from the perspectives of dual goals of "pollution reduction" and "growth", the policy helps to reduce water pollution, while

关 键 词：绿色经济发展 流域横向生态补偿 绿色全要素生产率 污染减排 绿色技术创新 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]