论我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的性质——兼析《海洋环境保护法》第114条第2款  

On the Nature of Litigation for Compensation for Marine Ecological Environment Damage:An Explanation of Paragraph 2,Article 114 in the Marine Environmental Protection Law

作　　者：凌欣 LING Xin(College of Humanities and Law,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期47-53,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2023年度青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2301124)。

摘　　要：关于海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的性质,学界有公益诉讼说、国益诉讼说和私益诉讼说等不同观点。从《海洋环境保护法》海洋生态环境损害赔偿条款的立法脉络、具体内容以及相关司法实践看,海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼是为了维护海洋环境资源所有者国家的利益,由海洋监管机关履行海洋生态环保行政职责而提起的诉讼,其性质应为国益诉讼。鉴于第114条第2款和第3款规定的诉讼性质仍然模糊,建议修改第114条第3款,采用“社会公共利益损害”的表述,以有别于第2款“给国家造成重大损失”,进一步明晰这两款所规定的涉海环境诉讼的性质。Regarding the nature of the litigation seeking compensation for marine ecological environment damage,diverse perspectives exist,including public interest litigation,national interest litigation,and private interest litigation.From the lens of legislative evolution,specific content and related judicial practices of the provisions under the Marine Environmental Protection Law,it becomes evident that the nature of such litigation revolves around national interest.Given the ambiguity surrounding the nature of litigation as stipulated in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 114,it is proposed that the related expression in Paragraph 3 of Article 114 be revised to“damage to the public interest of society”,as distinct from the expression“causing significant damage to the State”in Paragraph 2.This revision aims to provide greater clarity and distinction in defining the nature of marine environmental litigation stipulated in those two paragraphs.

关 键 词：海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼 海洋环境保护法 诉讼性质 社会公共利益 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]