清代公文书作伪原因、辨伪方式及处理实态  

Reasons for Counterfeiting Emperor's Documents or Official Documents in the Qing Dynasty,Methods for Distinguishing Cou

作　　者：赵彦昌[1] 韩瑞鹏 ZHAO Yanchang;HAN Ruipeng(School of Information Resource Management,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;Department of History,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学信息资源管理学院,沈阳110036 [2]辽宁大学历史学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2024年第6期98-105,共8页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：教育部重大招标项目“元明清时期中国边疆治理文献整理与数据库建设研究”(21JZD042)。

摘　　要：从档案文本探究清代伪造公文书问题,是从历史汲取中华民族优秀法治文化的过程,有助于充分发掘历史档案的应用价值和社会功能。通过整理和分析中国第一历史档案馆馆藏相关档案,发现清代伪造公文书行为多与钱财、身份、情感等因素有关。面对此类案件时,官员会根据公文书制度、内容、外形等细节辨别公文书真伪,随后将案件分为伪造皇帝文书案件和伪造官文书案件。相同的是,二者判定过程中都要依照律例规定,但不得与皇帝决定相抵触。不同的是,伪造皇帝文书案件实际判定过程中所考虑的量刑因素要多于律例规定,却不需考虑盗用印信问题,合依“诈伪制书”条文拟罪;而伪造官文书案件实际判定过程中则主要考虑盗用印信或伪造印信两种情况,致使案件处理实态更为复杂。Exploring the issue of forgery in the Qing Dynasty emperor's documents or official documents from archival texts is a process of drawing on the excellent legal culture of the Chinese nation from history,which helps to fully explore the application value and social function of historical archives.By organizing and analyzing the relevant archives in the collection of China's First Historical Archives,it was found that the act of forging emperor's documents or official documents during the Qing Dynasty was mostly related to factors such as money,identity,and emotions.When facing such cases,officials will distinguish the authenticity of emperor's documents or official documents based on details such as the system,content,and appearance of the documents,and then divide the cases into cases of forging imperial documents and cases of forging official documents.Similarly,both judgments must be made in accordance with legal regulations,but must not conflict with the emperor's decision.The difference is that in the actual judgment process of cases of forging imperial documents,more sentencing factors are considered than those stipulated by laws,but there is no need to consider the issue of embezzlement of seals,and the crime is formulated in accordance with the provisions of"fraud and forgery of documents";In the actual judgment process of cases of forging official documents,the main considerations are the theft or forgery of seals,which makes the handling of the case more complex.

关 键 词：清代 伪造公文书 皇帝文书 官文书 

分 类 号：C931.46[经济管理—管理学]