杜甫《丽人行》与唐代宫禁批评的诗学呈现  

Du Fu’s“The Beauties”and the Poetic Presentation of Palace Criticism in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：贾文博 蔡丹君[1] Jia Wenbo;Cai Danjun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,100872

出　　处：《杜甫研究学刊》2024年第4期22-33,共12页Journal of Du fu Studies

摘　　要：杜甫《丽人行》对中晚唐诗坛在宫禁政治批评方面的诗学探索,有着深刻的影响。天宝十一载冬杨国忠封丞相,杜甫对时局深怀忧惧,于是即事名篇,以一次外戚女性出游的新闻为发端,来表达对时政的强烈批判。这场批判,远溯《诗经》的“以女观政”的讽喻传统,实现了情感抒发与思想熔铸的绝妙平衡。《丽人行》促成了唐代宫禁批评诗学传统的形成,具有经典价值,主要表现在:一方面,它鼓舞了后世诗人自觉将原本被视为禁忌的宫廷政治批评纳入诗学实践;另一方面,它抓取“新闻”画面所展开的批评,开启了中晚唐宫词重视真实历史材料的风气,升华了唐代宫禁批评之诗学实践的历史意义。Du Fu’s poem“The Beauties”has had a profound influence on the poetic exploration of palace political criticism in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty.In the winter of the 11th year of Tianbao(752 A.D.),Yang Guozhong was appointed as the Prime Minister.Deeply concerned about the state of affairs,Du Fu took this opportunity to write a famous piece,using the outing of female relatives of the Emperor to express his strong critique of current politics.This critique traces back to the traditional metaphorical use of female description as observations of politics in The Book of Songs,achieving a perfect balance of emotional expression and ideological fusion.“The Beauties”contributed to the formation of a poetic tradition of palace criticism in the Tang Dynasty,with classical value manifested in two main aspects:on one hand,it inspired later poets to consciously incorporate palace political criticism,previously considered a taboo,into their poetic practice;on the other hand,its criticism,based on“news”imagery,initiated a trend in mid-to-late Tang Dynasty palace poetry that valued authentic historical materials,enhancing the historical significance of the poetic practice of palace criticism.

关 键 词：《丽人行》 宫禁批评 诗学 宫词 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K242[历史地理—历史学]