空间、时间及情态范畴的密切联系——从潮安方言的“使然”“非使然”说起  

The close connection between space,time and modality:On the causedness and non-causedness in Chao'an Min dialect

作　　者：林华勇 柯淑玲 LIN Huayong;KE Shuling

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系,广州

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第6期676-689,766,767,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清末民国汉语五大方言比较研究及数据库建设”(22&ZD297)的资助。

摘　　要：闽语潮安方言的介词和持续体标记具有“使然”“非使然”的区别。通过最小对比测试及跨方言比较可以发现,带“使然”标记的句子具备主观性,通常与情态成分共现;“使然”范畴的三种类型与“行、知、言”三域及琼·拜比等(2017)提出的情态类型高度吻合:“施动者使然”对应于施事指向情态,属于行域;“说话人使然”对应于说话人指向情态,属于言域;“主客观情势使然”对应于认识情态,属于知域。汉语方言跟世界上其他语言一样,存在紧密联系的“时-体-态”(TAM)范畴;但也存在个性,即汉语在TAM范畴系统上呈现出更为广阔的“空间-时间-情态”范畴的普遍联系,且表现出更高层次上的主观性和客观性的差异。Some prepositions and continuous aspect markers in Chao'an Min dialect present a semantic distinction between causedness and non-causedness.Analysis and cross-dialectal comparison on sentences with these words indicate that,those with a causedness reading are subjective and tend to co-occur with modal components.The three types of causedness are highly consistent with the three conceptual domains of acting,knowing,and uttering as well as with the types of modality proposed by Bybee et al.(2017).Specifically,agent-causedness corresponds to the agent-oriented modality,belonging to the acting domain;Speaker-causedness corresponds to the speakeroriented modality,belonging to the uttering domain;subjective-and-objective-situation causedness corresponds to the epistemic modality,belonging to the knowing domain.Like many other languages in the world,Chinese dialects present an intertwined tense-aspect-modality category.However,Chinese dialects also have certain individualities in that they manifest a broader universal connection between space,time and modality and show differences between subjectivity and objectivity at a higher level.

关 键 词：“使然/非使然” “情态” “空间-时间一情态”范畴 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]