说“踏”  

On ta(踏)

作　　者：池明明 CHI Mingming

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,武汉

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第6期715-724,767,768,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“赣中方言语音、词汇、语法的深度调查与研究”(21AYY008);国家社科基金青年项目“句法-语义-语用接口下汉语准定语句的历时演变研究”(21CYY027)的资助。

摘　　要：今人多以“他合切”作为“践踏”之“踏”的中古音来源。详考中古的韵书和字书,“践踏”之“踏”的本字是“蹋”。隋唐时期的文献中有两个“踏”,音义有别。“踏”义为“著地”,合韵透母字,他合切;“踏”是“蹋”的俗体,义为“践”,益韵定母字,徒益切。现代汉语南方方言和部分北方方言“踏”符合定母读法,与中古音是一致的;多数北方方言“踏”读入透母,则是例外音变,这一音变大概始于清代后期(19世纪初)。It's widely accepted that the pronunciation of ta(踏,""to stamp or tread on")derives from the fanqie of MC ta(他)and he(合).This paper examines various rhyme books and dictionaries of Middle Chinese and proposes that the etymological source of ta(踏)is actually ta(踢).In the literature of the Sui and Tang dynasties,there are two kinds of ta(踏)which vary on both pronunciation and meaning.The ta,meaning zhuodi(著地,"to touch the ground")belongs to the he(合)rhyme with an initial from the tou(透)group;It presents the fanqie of MC ta(他)and he(合).The ta,is a vernacular variant of ta(踢),which means jian(践,"to stamp or tread on").It belongs to the he(益)rhyme with an initial from the ding(定)group and presents the fanqie of MC tu(徒)and he(益).In modern southern Chinese dialects and a few northern dialects,the pronunciation of ta(踏)corresponds to the MC ding initials.In most modern northern dialects,however,ta(踏)has an initial from the tou group which indicates an irregular sound change presumably starting from the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：踏 蹋 本字 音义关系 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语] H12H13