汉语音译于闻语专名与八世纪西北音  

Phonological features of eighth-century Northwestern Chinese as reflected in Chinese transliterations of Khotanese proper nouns

作　　者：向筱路 XIANG Xiaolu

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第6期737-751,768,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“敦煌藏经洞及和田地区出土于眞语文书释读与研究”(20VJXT013)资助。

摘　　要：新疆和田地区是唐代于闻王国的所在地,在那里曾陆续发现一些汉语-于语双语文书,其中有不少音译自于闻语的汉语人名、地名、官名等专名,是研究八世纪于闻地区汉语语音面貌的宝贵资料。本文对这些双语专名进行对音研究,得出的主要结论有:1)轻重唇音分化;2)全浊声母有清音化的现象,唇音声母及匣母表现得更加明显;3)鼻音声母读成鼻冠音;4)通、岩、梗三摄的-n韵尾均有消变现象;5)人声韵-k尾弱化得较为严重;6)“阿”字有人声读法。汉语在音译于闻语专名时可能由于佛经翻译的影响而受到梵语等源语言干扰,形成一些溢出对音规律的例外现象,这反映出古代和田地区复杂的语言生态。专名的借人具有方向性,在利用它们研究汉语音韵时需要格外谨慎。In Hetian(ancient Khotan)area,several Khotanese-Chinese bilingual documents have been unearthed which contain many Chinese transliterations of Khotanese proper nouns(person names,toponyms,and official titles).These transliterations are important for studying the phonological system of Chinese in Khotan during the eighth century.This article offers a comparative study of Khotanese-Chinese transliterations and proposes the followings:1)bilabials and labiodentals are distinguished;2)some traces of the devoicing of voiced obstruents can be observed,which seems especially obvious in labial initials;3)nasal initials are prenasalized;4)the coda-of tong(通),dang(宕)and geng(梗)rhyme groups is weakened;5)the stop coda-k underwent severe weakening;6)the character a(阿)can be read with entering tone.Due to the disturbance from Sanskrit as influenced by the translation of Buddhist scriptures,some exceptions are noted in Chinese transliterations,which reflect the complex linguistic ecosystem of ancient Khotan.Since the borrowing of proper nouns is bi-directional,the study of Chinese historical phonology based on these materials requires more caution.

关 键 词：于闻语 专名 西北音 梵语干扰 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]