挣不脱的美国怀抱:加拿大在北美空防军演问题上的立场(1959—1960)  

Inescapable Embrace of the United States:A History of Two NORAD Exercises(1959-1960)

作　　者：张华[1] ZHANG Hua

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院文史与法学学院,415000

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第5期82-89,43,180,共10页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国防核扩散政策档案的搜集、整理与研究(1945—2017)”(20&ZD242)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1959—1960年间,为检验北美大陆雷达预警系统的有效性和该系统对美国军事报复能力建设所起的作用程度,北美空防司令部先后制定了“天鹰”和“天盾”两个军演计划。前者,加拿大立足于东西方缓和大局和自身的主权独立,不顾美方多次协商而予以拒绝;后者,则从维护西方整体利益和北美空中防御安全的角度出发予以采纳。加拿大的纠结立场,既体现了它对自身主权独立性的坚持,也表明了在缺乏自身国防实力的情况下依赖美国安全保护从而不得不顺从其意志的无奈。In order to test the effectiveness of the radar early warning system in North America and NORAD's military retaliation capability,Canada and the United States successively formulated two military exercise plans:Exercise Sky Hawk and Exercise Sky Shield under NORAD.For the former,Canada,based on the overall situation of East-West detente and its own sovereign independence,refused to participate despite multiple consultations with the United States;for the latter,the plan was adopted from the perspective of maintaining the overall interests of the West and the security of North American air defense.Canada's conflicted stance not only reflected its insistence on sovereign independence but also indicated its helplessness in relying on U.S.security protection due to its lack of national defense strength,thus having to comply with the U.S.wishes.

关 键 词：冷战 北美空防 “天鹰军演” “天盾军演” 加美关系 

分 类 号：K711.52[历史地理—历史学] K712.54[历史地理—世界史] E711[军事—军事理论] E712