新出简牍所见秦代官吏荐举制度  

The Recommendation System for Officials in the Qin Dynasty as Seen in the Newly Released Bamboo Slips

作　　者：苏俊林 范肖肖 SU Junlin;FAN Xiaoxiao(School of History and Culture,Southwest University,Beibei Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2024年第6期7-17,共11页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”研究专项项目“岳麓秦简《奏谳文书》汇校与研究”(项目编号:19VJX009)。

摘　　要：官吏荐举制度是秦代政治制度的重要组成部分,具有重要意义。秦代荐举制度的形式主要有制度荐举、私人荐举和自我推荐三种。国家从才能、功劳、年龄、籍贯、社会身份、过往经历和资财等7个方面规定了被荐举人的条件和资历,要求明确且严格。“任”即担保,是荐举程序中的首要环节,不可或缺。“任”后一般以文书形式逐级上报,荐举文书的内容有固定要求,需经上级审核和考察。在“任”的法律关系中,荐举双方互相承担着连带责任。荐举制度作为一种灵活选拔人才的方式,对推动秦国发展有着不可低估的作用,但其弊病也阻碍了荐举实效的发挥,给国家发展带来负面影响。The system of recommending officials was an important component of the political system of the Qin Dynasty and had significant importance.The forms of recommendation system mainly include institutional recommendation,private recommendation and self-recommendation.The Qin Empire has set clear and strict requirements for the conditions and qualifications of recommended candidates from seven aspects,namely,talent,achievements,age,hometown,social status,past experience,and wealth.‘Ren’(任)stands for guarantee,which is the primary and indispensable step in the recommendation process.Afterwards,“Ren”(任)is generally reported in a document form in a hierarchical manner.The content of the recommendation document has fixed requirements and must be reviewed and inspected by superiors.In the legal relationship of‘Ren’(任),both parties of the recommendation bear joint and several liability,which is particularly prominent in the punishment of illegal acts.The recommendation system,as a flexible way of selecting talents,plays an undeniable role in promoting the development of the Qin Empire.However,its drawbacks also hinder the effectiveness of recommendation,thereby bringing negative impacts to national development at large.

关 键 词：秦代 岳麓秦简 荐举制度 荐举形式 荐举责任 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学] C91[历史地理—中国史]