厦门后溪流域微塑料污染特征及风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Microplastics in the Xiamen Houxi River Watershed

作　　者：刘启明[1] 林锦美[1] 黄云凤[1] 黄宁[1] 李思[1] 梁海涛 林明华 LIU Qi-ming;LIN Jin-mei;HUANG Yun-feng;HUANG Ning;LI Si;LIANG Hai-tao;LIN Ming-hua(College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;Xiamen Jimei Ecological Environment Bureau,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学港口与海岸工程学院,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021 [3]厦门市集美生态环境局,厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第11期6625-6631,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500391);福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J01794)。

摘　　要：为探究厦门后溪流域微塑料污染特征及生态风险等级,通过对区域内水体、沉积物和土壤综合采样,利用显微镜观察、傅里叶红外光谱测定以及风险指数(H)和污染负荷指数(PLI)等技术方法,全面分析了厦门后溪流域微塑料污染状况.结果表明,流域各点位样本均有微塑料检出,水体、沉积物和土壤中微塑料的平均丰度分别为(3.65±0.51)n·L^(-1)、(354.56±18.22)n·kg^(-1)和(1 509.55±69.90)n·kg^(-1).流域上游点位的微塑料丰度明显低于中游和下游.这与上游生态环境保护较好,而中下游人口密集,生产生活排污量大直接相关.研究区内各介质中的微塑料以<0.5mm粒径的占比最高,平均占比超70%,且粒径越大,占比越小.微塑料形状以碎片为主,平均占比超50%,其次为纤维和薄膜,发泡占比最少.微塑料聚合物类型以PE为主,平均占比超50%,其次为PP, PET和PA占比最少.区域微塑料风险指数(H)均为低风险Ⅰ级水平,但已接近Ⅱ级风险水平.微塑料污染负荷指数(PLI)均为低风险Ⅰ级水平.研究结果可为区域微塑料污染防控及风险评估提供支撑.Microplastics,defined as minuscule plastic particles measuring less than five millimeters(5 mm)in size,have become pervasive in various environments.Watershed areas,perpetually subjected to escalating human activities,face a growing and persistent threat from microplastic pollution.This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and ecological risk posed by microplastic pollution in the Houxi River watershed of Xiamen.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,employing field sampling,stereomicroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,as well as the risk index(H)and pollution load index(PLI)model.The findings revealed a 100%detection rate of microplastics at various points within the watershed.The average abundance of microplastics in water,sediment,and soil was found to be(3.65±0.51)n·L^(-1),(354.56±18.22)n·kg^(-1),and(1509.55±69.90)n·kg^(-1),respectively.Significantly lower microplastic abundance was observed in the upper reaches of the watershed,attributed to the enhanced ecological protection in this area.In contrast,the middle and lower reaches,characterized by dense populations,exhibited higher microplastic levels due to increased production and domestic pollution.The majority of microplastics had a particle size of<0.5 mm,constituting an average proportion of over 70%.Larger particles exhibited a smaller proportion.Fragmented particles dominated in shape,comprising over 50%,followed by fibers and films,with foam having the lowest proportion.The predominant polymer type identified in microplastics was PE,accounting for over 50%,followed by PP,while PET and PA represented the least.The regional microplastic risk index(H)consistently fell within the low-risk level I,yet it approached the level II risk.The pollution load index(PLI)of microplastics indicated a low-risk level I.These findings contribute valuable insights for regional microplastic pollution prevention and risk assessment efforts.

关 键 词：厦门 微塑料(MPs) 污染特征 风险评估 小流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]