黄河兰州段城市饮用水源地土壤重金属污染及其溯源的多指标综合分析  

Multiproxy Comprehensive Analysis for Source Apportionment and Pollution of Heavy Metals in Urban Drinking-water Source Soils from the Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River

作　　者：李军 高占栋 马利邦[2] 马静 张鸣[1] 马晓红 臧飞 李旭 LI Jun;GAO Zhan-dong;MA Li-bang;MA Jing;ZHANG Ming;MA Xiao-hong;ZANG Fei;LI Xu(College of Urban Environment,Lanzhou City University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州城市学院城市环境学院,兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第11期6723-6733,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6WA057);甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR1RA319);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2022B-224)。

摘　　要：为揭示黄河流域城市饮用水水源地土壤重金属的污染特征及其污染来源,选择黄河兰州段城市饮用水水源地土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb的含量特征.采用地累积指数法、污染因子指数法、污染负荷指数法和改进内梅罗综合污染指数法系统量化了有毒有害元素的污染程度,并联合应用相关性-聚类分析、正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型和绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)模型定量解析有毒有害元素污染来源及其贡献率.结果表明:①兰州城市饮用水源地土壤呈碱性,土壤有毒有害元素除Cr之外,其余As、Cd、Hg和Pb元素含量均值均高于甘肃省土壤背景值,其中Hg和Pb的空间分布差异性大,受人类活动影响较强.②水源地土壤总体上为轻度污染,Hg是水源地土壤污染的首要污染物,As和Pb元素存在一定的局部污染,Cd和Cr整体上无污染.③水源地土壤有毒有害元素的富集受工业源、交通源、燃煤源和自然源的复合影响.PMF模型识别出了41.40%的工业-交通源、32.92%的燃煤源和25.68%的自然-工业源,APCS-MLR模型辨识出了36.36%的工业-交通源、22.32%的燃煤-工业源和41.31%的自然源.研究结果可为保障兰州城区水源地土壤健康和饮用水安全提供科学依据.To elucidate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the soil of drinking water sources in urban areas of the Yellow River Basin,the soil in the water source areas for urban drinking water in the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River was selected as the research object.The content characteristics of heavy metals,including As,Cd,Cr,Hg,and Pb,were analyzed.The pollution degree of heavy metals was quantified systematically using the geo-accumulation index,contamination factor,pollution load index,and improved Nemerow comprehensive pollution index.Correlation-clustering analysis,the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,and the absolute principal component scoresmultiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)model were jointly applied to quantitatively analyze the pollution sources and their contribution rates of heavy metals.The results indicated that:①The soil in the water source areas for urban drinking water in Lanzhou was alkaline,and,with the exception of Cr,the average content of heavy metals in the soil,including As,Cd,Hg,and Pb,exceeded the background values of soil in Gansu Province.Particularly,Hg and Pb exhibited significant spatial distribution variations,indicative of strong anthropogenic influences.②The overall pollution level of the water source area soil was mild,with Hg identified as the primary pollutant and localized pollution observed for As and Pb,whereas Cd and Cr showed no substantial contamination.③The enrichment of heavy metals in the water source area soil was influenced by a combination of industrial,traffic,coal combustion,and natural sources.The PMF model identified 41.40% as industrial-traffic sources,32.92%as coal combustion sources,and 25.68% as natural-industrial sources.The APCS-MLR model distinguished 36.36% as industrial-traffic sources,22.32%as coal-industrial sources,and 41.31%as natural sources.These findings provide a scientific basis for ensuring the health of soil in the water source areas and the safety of drinking water in the urban area of Lanzhou.

关 键 词：水源地 土壤 重金属 污染评价 溯源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]