2019—2022年南平市诺如病毒疫情流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of the norovirus epidemic in Nanping City from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：郑雯菱[1] Zheng Wenling(Department of Microbiology,Nanping Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanping 353000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]南平市疾病预防控制中心微生物科,福建南平353000

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第7期529-531,共3页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 分析2019—2022年南平市诺如病毒疫情流行病学与病原学资料,为制订防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集2019—2022年南平市报告且现场采样的诺如病毒感染性腹泻聚集性疫情现场流行病学调查数据进行描述性分析,同时选取相关标本的诺如病毒进行核酸检测结果分析。结果 2019—2022年南平市诺如病毒感染聚集和(或)暴发疫情共34起,其中聚集疫情26起,占76.47%(26/34),暴发疫情8起,占23.53%(8/34),每起疫情病例数在12~51例,发病总数为1 583例;疫情报告时间最短1 d,最长8 d,平均为(5.73±0.69)d;平均疫情持续时间为(9.36±0.78)d;疫情场所主要分布在中小学,小学占41.18%(14/34),中学占38.24%(13/34);诺如病毒感染人群临床特征主要包括发热、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等;34起疫情中,共收集标本628份,检出阳性123份,其中2019年无诺如病毒阳性感染,2020、2021、2022年阳性检出率分别为39.29%(44/112)、18.52%(55/297)、11.82%(24/203),各年度诺如病毒阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=39.477,P<0.01);123份阳性标本中,GⅡ型阳性检出106份(86.18%);混合感染型检出9份(7.32%);GⅠ型检出8份(6.50%)。结论 2019—2022年南平市诺如病毒疫情主要分布于中小学校,以GⅡ型阳性感染为主。ObjectiveThis study analyzed the epidemiological and etiological data for a norovirus epidemic in Nanping City from 2019 to 2022,to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods On-site epidemiological investigation data for a norovirus infectious diarrhea cluster epidemic collected from 2019 to 2022were collected for a descriptive analysis,and norovirus samples were selected for analysis of nucleic acid tests.Results From 2019 to 2022,34 norovirus infection clusters and(or) outbreaks occurred in Nanping City.Among them,26 cases of clusters,for 76.47%(26/34),eight outbreaks,for 23.53%(8/34).The number of cases per outbreak was 12-51.The total number of cases was 1 583.The minimum time for reporting the outbreak was one day,up to 8 days long,and the average was5.73 ± 0.69 d.The mean duration of the outbreak was 9.36 ± 0.78 d.Epidemic sites were distributed mainly in primary and secondary schools:primary schools accounted for 41.18%(14/34)of total cases,and middle schools accounted for 38.24%(13/34).The main clinical characteristics of the norovirus infected population included fever,nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea.From the 34 outbreaks,628 specimens were collected.A total of 123 samples were detected to be positive.Among them,no norovirus positive infections were identified in 2019.The positive detection rates in 2020,2021 and 2022were 39.29%(44/112),18.52%(55/297) and 11.82%(24/203),respectively.A statistically significant difference was observed in the norovirus positive detection rate each year(χ~2=39.477,P<0.01).Of the 123 positive specimens,106(86.18%) were detected to be of GⅡ type,and 9 samples(7.32%) were of mixed-infective type,eight samples(6.50%) were detected to be of GⅠ type.ConclusionFrom 2019 to 2022,norovirus outbreaks in Nanping City were distributed primari-ly in primary and secondary schools,and comprised primar-ily G-positive infections.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 流行病学 腹泻 感染 

分 类 号：R183.4[医药卫生—流行病学]