我们为何“留在故乡”:出生地城市身份租金与劳动力迁移决策  

Why We Stay in Our Homeland:Birthplace City Identity Rent and the Labor Migration Decision

作　　者：张磊[1] 邓紫琪 张川川 ZHANG Lei;DENG Ziqi;ZHANG Chuanchuan(Xiangtan University,411105;Jinan University,510632;Zhejiang University,310058)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院、社会主义经济理论研究中心,411105 [2]暨南大学经济学院,510632 [3]浙江大学经济学院,310058

出　　处：《财贸经济》2024年第11期106-123,共18页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国消费现代化的理论逻辑、动态趋势及政策路径研究”(24BJL004)。

摘　　要：地区之间的机会不平等不利于在全国市场范围内实现要素资源优化配置和区域协调发展。本文沿袭Milanovic(2015)从公民身份租金视角研究机会不平等的思路,验证和估算了中国不同城市之间身份租金的存在性及大小,并进一步分析出生地城市身份租金对劳动力迁移决策的影响。研究发现,我国不同城市存在地区环境差异所导致的地区身份租金,这意味着个体出生在一个“好的”城市将获得更高的地区身份溢价,并且出生地城市身份租金对劳动力“留在故乡”工作的意愿具有显著的正向影响,这一结论在排除2015年返乡创业政策影响、变换数据库和增加控制变量以及采取工具变量法回归后依旧保持稳健。进一步分析表明,与低受教育程度者、一般劳动力及城镇劳动力相比,高受教育程度者、政府公职人员、农村劳动力受出生地城市身份租金增加的影响而“留在故乡”工作的机会比更大;随着出生地城市身份租金的增加,劳动力回流效应逐渐增强。在个体存在出生地城市身份租金的背景下,应通过对机会劣势城市给予政策性补偿,努力缩小基本公共服务差距,促进劳动力优化配置和区域平衡发展。The inter-regional inequality of opportunities is not conducive to the optimal allocation of factors and the coordinated development of regions within the national market.Birthplace status rent refers to the premium of birthplace status that is determined by the environmental factors of the area(such as living space environment,macroeconomic environment,social environment and other special regional advantages)at the time of birth,but cannot be explained by personal characteristics and acquired efforts(negative rent is called birthplace status loss),and is essentially a kind of opportunity inequality.This paper measures the level of identity rent across Chinese cities,and analyzes the influence of birthplace identity rent on labor migration decisions from the perspective of the place of departure,which is of great significance for promoting common prosperity and regional coordination and accelerating the building of a unified national market.Based on the decomposition of income inequality using county-level data,this paper finds that about 69%of the total income inequality in China comes from inter-city contribution,which verifies the existence of regional identity premium or loss in Chinese cities.Based on Milanovic’s citizenship rent model and the data of 1%population sample survey,this paper finds that the relative rent and the absolute rent owned by residents in different cities vary greatly,so does the birthplace rent held by different income groups.This paper also finds that the higher the birthplace status rent,the more likely the labor force will stay in the city for work,and it is more so for well-educated people,government officials and rural population than for people with low education,non-government workers and urban population.The return of population may lead to the spatial clustering of the people in high-rent cities.The contributions of this paper are as follows:First,different from the study of“environment-effort”,this paper directly calculates the rent of urban resident identity in China,a

关 键 词：出生地城市身份租金 机会不平等 劳动力流动 人才资源 全国统一 大市场 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]