“非遗后”时期岳家拳现代化发展的田野考察  

Field Study on Modernization of Yuejia Boxing in Post-Intangible Cultural Heritage Era

作　　者：邢文涛 周圣文 XING Wentao;ZHOU Shengwen(Dept.of Sports Sciences,Jishou Univ.,Xiangxi 416000,China;Dept.of P.E.&Health,Hunan Univ.of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学体育科学学院,湖南湘西416000 [2]湖南工商大学体育与健康学院,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《体育教育学刊》2024年第5期75-80,共6页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金青年项目(21YBQ087);湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目(21B0744);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(22YBA169)。

摘　　要：在由“重申报”转为“重保护”阶段的“非遗后时代”,如何更精细化、系统化地推动传统武术发展是当前的核心议题和重要任务之一。以国家级非遗“岳家拳”为个案,采用参与观察法、半结构式访谈法等对申遗前后岳家拳的现代化发展态势进行分析。研究认为,从“非遗前”到“非遗后”,岳家拳形成了主体的“群体化”传承、“差异化”培养模式以及“多元化”传承路径,呈现出有序化的发展态势,但仍存在传承人“群体性”制度保护缺失,武术技击性失范,传承人文化身份异化等问题。应构建以关系为基础的传承人群体的协同治理模式,健全一般性传承人的“体制化”保护和潜在性传承人的培养扶持机制,塑造与区域民众链接的生活空间,以激发传统武术的发展动能。In the“post-intangible cultural heritage era”,which has shifted from“declaration”to“protection”,how to promote the development of traditional wushu in a more refined and systematic manner is the core issue and an important task at present.Taking“Yuejiaquan”,a national non-heritage,as a case study,the paper analyzes the modernization and development of Yuejiaquan before and after the application for the inscription of the national heritage by adopting participant observation method and semi-structured interview method.The paper concludes that from“pre-intangible cultural heritage era”to“post-intangible cultural heritage era”,Yuejia Boxing has formed a“group”inheritance,“differentiated”cultivation mode and“differentiated”training mode.The main“group”inheritance,“differentiated”training mode and“diversified”inheritance path,showing an orderly development trend,but there are still problems such as the lack of“group”institutional protection of the inheritors,martial arts skill disorder,and alienation of cultural identity of the inheritors.It is necessary to build a collaborative governance model for the group of inheritors based on relationship,improve the“institutionalized”protection of general inheritors and the cultivation and support mechanism of potential inheritors,and shape the living space linked with the regional people in order to stimulate the development momentum of traditional martial arts.

关 键 词：传统武术 武术传承 岳家拳 非物质文化遗产 非物质文化遗产保护 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]