立式离心浇注精密铸造技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Vertical Centrifugal Casting Precision Casting Technology

作　　者：王晨旭 丁鑫 王新秀 张永 于忠军 夏峰 方虹泽[1] 陈瑞润[1] WANG Chenxu;DING Xin;WANG Xinxiu;ZHANG Yong;YU Zhongjun;XIA Feng;FANG Hongze;CHEN Ruirun(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;AECC,Harbin Dongan Engine Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《铸造技术》2024年第10期932-944,共13页Foundry Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52204386);中国博士后科学基金(2021M690819);黑龙江省杰出青年科学基金(JQ2023E003)。

摘　　要：离心铸造是将金属液注入高速旋转的铸型内,使其做离心运动充满铸型形成铸件的技术。根据转轴位置的不同,可将其划分为卧式和立式离心铸造。通过离心铸造的方式生产中空筒形和环形铸件及铸管等,生产效率高、成本低,且铸件组织细密。按照旋转轴位置分类,离心铸造可以分为水平(或卧式)离心铸造和立式离心铸造。立式离心铸造相较于卧式离心铸造占地小、操作方便、材料适用性好、工艺灵活性高,已有几十年的历史,最早用于生产火炮弹壳等军事产品。随着立式离心铸造技术的不断发展,已被广泛应用于民用领域。本文从关键技术、数值模拟、典型铸件3个方面,简述了国内外近几年立式离心铸造技术的研究进展,介绍了可铸金属的选择、铸造工艺设计、铸型选择与设计、离心铸造涂料、离心铸造机等的研究成果,呈现了光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法、粒子跟踪测速(PTV)法、夹杂物运动规律等方法在立式离心铸造数值模拟方面的应用,列举了双金属复合轧辊、锥段转鼓、大口径厚壁变径管等立式离心铸造技术的典型铸件案例。Centrifugal casting involves injecting liquid metal into a high-speed rotating mold so that the liquid metal undergoes centrifugal movement to fill the mold and form a casting.Centrifugal casting can be classified into horizontal centrifugal casting and vertical centrifugal casting.By means of centrifugal casting,hollow cylinder,ring castings and cast pipes are produced with high production efficiency,low production cost and fine casting structure.Compared with horizontal centrifugal casting,vertical centrifugal casting has the advantages of a small footprint,convenient operation,good material applicability and high process flexibility.Vertical centrifugal casting technology has a history of several decades and was first used to produce military products such as artillery shells.With the continuous development of vertical centrifugal casting technology,it has been widely used in civil fields.Researchers have sought to improve the vertical centrifugal casting process to increase production efficiency,reduce costs,reduce scrap rates and improve product quality.In this paper,the research progress in vertical centrifugal casting technology at home and abroad in recent years is summarized in three aspects:key technology,numerical simulation and typical castings.The research results of casting metal selection,casting process design,casting mold selection and design,centrifugal casting coating and centrifugal casting machine are introduced.The applications of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,particle tracking velocimetry(PTV)method and inclusion movement law in numerical simulations of vertical centrifugal casting are presented.Typical casting cases of vertical centrifugal casting technology,such as bimetal composite rolls,cone section drums and large-diameter thick wall reducers,are listed.

关 键 词：离心铸造 数值模拟 铸造工艺 铸造设备 

分 类 号：TG249.4[金属学及工艺—铸造]