必然王国中的社会自由与个性——对“劳动”与“自我实现”关系当代争论的回应  

Social Freedom and Individuality in the Realm of Necessity-A Response to the Debate on the Relationship between Labor and Self-realization

作　　者：钟晨宁 ZHONG Chenning

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第10期28-36,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“马克思对资本主义起源的解释范式转换及其当代价值研究”(21CKS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：劳动与个体自我实现之间处于何种关系,这在当代批判资本主义工作制度的浪潮中被重新提出。部分具有分析背景的英美马克思主义学者通过重释自由王国等相关论述,发现马克思似乎并没有一贯地支持“劳动促进自我实现”命题,并给出了“转向”“震荡”“一致”的三类解读径路。但事实上,自由王国的自由得以成立的条件正是必然王国中的自由存在。后者不仅对于共产主义的社会整体构建而言是基础性的,而且对社会成员的特殊个性实现也是必要的。重新反思马克思对必然王国中自由的论述及其与社会个体自我实现的关系,有助于我们把握住马克思与当代主流政治哲学的决定性分歧以及解决方案上的特有优势。The relationship between labor and individual self-realization has been reintroduced in the contemporary critique of the capitalist work system.Some scholars of Anglo-American Marxism with an analytical background have found that Marx does not seem to have consistently supported the proposition that“labor contributes to self-realization”by reinterpreting relevant accounts such as the Realm of Freedom and have given three types of"shifts,"oscillations,"and“consistency”to the proposition.In fact,however,it is the existence of freedom in the realm of necessity that is the condition for the establishment of freedom in the realm of freedom.Freedom in the realm of necessity is not only fundamental to the social construction of Communism as a whole,but also necessary for the realization of the individuality of its members.Rethinking Marx's account of freedom in the realm of necessity and its connection to the self-realization of the individual member of society helps us to grasp the decisive differences between Marx and the dominant political philosophy of our time and the peculiar advantages of the solution.

关 键 词：自由劳动 自我实现 悲观转向 经济民主 向他性 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]