全球价值链对就业性别差距的影响——基于“十大产业振兴规划”的准自然实验  

The Impact of Global Value Chain on Gender Gap in Employment——Empirical Research Based on the Quasi-natural Experiment of“Ten Industries Revitalization Plan”

作　　者：周华[1] 杨轮 何江 范家琛 ZHOU Hua;YANG Lun;HE Jiang;FAN Jiachen

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2024年第11期145-160,共16页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“智能制造企业多元混合劳动力生态系统价值共生机制研究”(23CGL022),项目负责人:何江。

摘　　要：实现劳动力市场上的两性平等是联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》所设想的目标之一。在中国深度参与全球价值链的活动中,劳动市场上的两性平等目标实现程度尚不清晰。针对此问题,基于中国劳动统计年鉴等数据库,借鉴赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数构建了就业参与的性别差距指数,并利用“十大产业振兴规划”这一准自然实验,采用双重差分法评估政策对就业参与性别差距的影响。结果表明:(1)中国自2001年加入WTO后,就业参与的性别差距呈扩大趋势。(2)中国就业参与存在性别不平等链,即在全球价值链中,相对于增加值较低部分,增加值较高部分的性别参与更不平等。(3)“十大产业振兴规划”所覆盖行业的女性参与比例下降了0.7%,进而使这些行业的就业参与性别差距指数上升了0.6%。(4)“十大产业振兴规划”政策助推其所覆盖行业对劳动力需求增加,由于劳动力市场的性别偏好,导致男性对女性产生“挤出效应”。Achieving gender equality in the labour market is one of the goals envisaged in the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.In the context of China's deep participation in global value chains,the extent to which the goal of gender equality in the labor market has been achieved is not yet clear.In response to this problem,this paper constructs a gender gap index of employment participation based on databases such as the China Labor Statistics Yearbook and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to analyze the gender gap in employment participation in China.And on this basis,we used the“Ten Industries Revitalization Plan”as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the impact of policies on the gender gap in employment participation by using the DID strategy.The results show that:(1)Since China joined the WTO in 2001,the gender gap in employment participation has been expanding.(2)There is a gender inequality chain in China's employment participation,that is,in the global value chain,the gender participation in the higher value-added part is more unequal than that in the lower value-added part.(3)The“Ten Industries Revitalization Plan”reduced the proportion of female participation in related industries by 0.7%,which in turn increased the gender gap index of employment participation in these industries by 0.6%(4)The support of the“Ten Industries Revitalization Plan”policy has increased the demand for labor in the covered industries.Due to gender preferences in the labor market,men have a“crowding out effect”on women in these policy-covered industries.

关 键 词：全球价值链 产业政策 性别差距 双重差分 

分 类 号：F241[经济管理—劳动经济] F746[经济管理—国民经济]