碳四烷基化离子液体催化剂失活机理和再生方法的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Deactivation Mechanism and Regeneration Method of Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Isobutane Alkylation

作　　者：李亚兴 张睿[2] 刘海燕[2] 刘植昌[2] 孟祥海[2] LI Yaxing;ZHANG Rui;LIU Haiyan;LIU Zhichang;MENG Xianghai(Petrochemical Research Institute Company Limited,CNPC,Beijing 102206,China;College of Chemical Engineering and Environment,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团石油化工研究院有限公司,北京102206 [2]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,北京102249

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2024年第6期1586-1595,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21890763,22021004)资助。

摘　　要：氯铝酸离子液体作为一种新型的绿色催化剂已用于催化碳四烷基化反应生产高品质汽油。然而,在长周期烷基化反应过程中,离子液体的催化活性逐渐下降,因此,明晰催化剂失活机理并恢复其催化活性对保证烷基化装置连续稳定运行至关重要。为此,综述了碳四烷基化离子液体催化剂的失活机理和再生方法,介绍了离子液体的组成、结构及其催化性能之间的关系,总结了离子液体中Br?nsted酸和Lewis酸中心的失活原因,烷基化副反应生成的酸溶油是Lewis酸性下降的主要原因。基于此,重点讨论了酸溶油的组成、结构及其与离子液体的作用机理,对比分析了从离子液体中脱除酸溶油的各类方法的优缺点,并提供了失活离子液体的活性恢复策略。As a new type of green catalyst,chloroaluminate ionic liquids(CAILs)have been used to catalyze isobutane alkylation to produce high-quality gasoline.However,the catalytic activity of CAILs gradually decreases during the long period of isobutane alkylation.Thus,it is important to clarify the deactivation mechanism and recover the activity of catalyst for ensuring the continuous and stable operation of alkylation plant.For this reason,the deactivation mechanism and regeneration approach of CAILs catalyzed isobutane alkylation are reviewed,the relationship among the composition,structure and catalytic performance of CAILs is introduced,and the reasons for deactivation of Br nsted and Lewis acid centers in CAILs are summarized.Acid soluble oil(ASO)from the side reaction of alkylation is the main reason for the decrease of Lewis acidity.Based on this,the composition and structure of ASO and its interaction mechanism with CAILs are deeply discussed;a comparative analysis is performed on various removing methods of ASO from CAILs;the strategy for recovering activity of deactivated CAILs is also provided.

关 键 词：氯铝酸离子液体 碳四烷基化 酸溶油 失活机理 再生方法 

分 类 号：TE624.4[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]