催化裂解制低碳烯烃技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Catalytic Cracking for Producing Light Olefin

作　　者：乔瑞琪 龚剑洪 魏晓丽 QIAO Ruiqi;GONG Jianhong;WEI Xiaoli(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2024年第6期1667-1676,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3805402);中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发项目(122321)基金资助。

摘　　要：成品油需求逐渐达峰,炼油向化工转型不断深化与演变,“降油增化”已成为炼油化工产业转型发展的共识,以乙烯、丙烯为主要产物,并副产苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物(BTX)的催化裂解将成为化工型炼油厂的核心技术。基于催化裂解技术原料的不同,综述了国内外重质馏分油、轻质馏分油及原油催化裂解技术研究进展,介绍了现有催化裂解技术的主要专利商及专利技术,重点阐述了不同催化裂解技术的主要技术特征、反应器类型、工艺操作条件、配套硬件设备和工业推广应用情况等,并着重对比了不同技术的工业应用效果,包括反应原料、主要产物分布、目标产品乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃收率和BTX收率等。同时,针对现有技术存在的主要问题及研发进展,从强化基础理论研究、增强催化裂解技术原料适应性与产品结构灵活性等方面提出了催化裂解技术未来研究方向与建议。The demand for refined oil is gradually reaching its peak,and the refineries are gradually experiencing a deep transition and evolution from focusing on fuels to concentrating on chemicals."Reducing oil and increasing chemical"has become the consensus for the transformation and development of the refining and chemical industry.Catalytic cracking with ethylene and propylene as the main products and benzene-toluene-xylene(BTX)as by-products will become the core technology of chemical refineries.Based on different raw materials,the research progress of catalytic cracking technologies of heavy distillate,light distillate and crude oil at home and abroad are summarized,the main patent agents and key patent technologies are introduced,the main technical characteristics,reactor types,process operating conditions,supporting hardware equipment and industrial promotion and application are elaborated,and the industrial application effects of different technologies are mainly compared,such as reaction raw materials,main product distribution,yields of low carbon olefins and BTX.Based on the main problems and research and development progress of existing technologies,future research directions and suggestions for catalytic cracking technology are proposed in terms of strengthening basic theoretical research,enhancing the adaptability of raw materials for catalytic cracking technology and the flexibility of product structure.

关 键 词：催化裂解 乙烯 丙烯 低碳烯烃 苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物(BTX) 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]