多沙河流水库排沙期下游水温演变规律  

Evolution of water temperature downstream of sandy river reservoirs during the sediment discharge period

作　　者：杨晨 张廷奎 卢一帆 缴健[2] 江恩慧[3] 张防修[3] 张晓雷[1] YANG Chen;ZHANG Tingkui;LU Yifan;JIAO Jian;JIANG Enhui;ZHANG Fangxiu;ZHANG Xiaolei(Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Key Laboratory of Port,Waterway and Sedimentation Engineering of MOT,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210024,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学黄河流域水资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,河南郑州450046 [2]南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室,江苏南京210024 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第5期843-852,共10页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3200402);水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室研究基金资助项目(2022-SYSJJ-09)。

摘　　要：多沙河流水库排沙期会有大量低温水伴随着泥沙向下游排放,改变了下游河道水温的前期分布状态,对水生生物及其栖息环境产生潜在影响。为探究水库排沙期下游水温的演变规律,本文修正了含沙水流与空气热交换系数的计算公式,构建了一维非恒定水-沙-温耦合传导数学模型,以小浪底水库为例开展了排沙期下游水温传导过程的模拟与分析。结果表明:①出库水温是影响水库排沙期下游水温的主要因素,下泄流量的增加和出库含沙量的降低会加剧低温水下泄的影响程度;②下游水温对小浪底出库水温的敏感度沿程递减,出库水温变化时利津断面水温的平均变化幅度仅为花园口断面的27.5%;③下游水温对下泄流量和出库含沙量的敏感度均为沿程先增大后减小,前者在艾山断面达到最大,后者在夹河滩断面达到最大;④下泄流量和出库含沙量对下游水温影响程度相当,在小浪底水库现行排沙调度方案下,二者对下游水温的最大影响幅度都在2℃左右。During the sediment discharge period of a sandy river reservoir,a significant volume of low-temperature water is discharged along with the sediment.The outflow discharge can alter the downstream water temperature,potentially impacting aquatic organisms and their habitats.To investigate the evolution of downstream water temperature during the sediment discharge period,this research developed a refined heat exchange coefficient and established a one-dimensional unsteady water-sediment-temperature coupled mathematical model.Taking Xiaolangdi Reservoir as an example,a simulation and analysis of the downstream water temperature conduction processes during the sediment discharge period was performed.The results indicate:①The outflow water temperature is the primary factor influencing downstream water temperature during the sediment discharge period,with the outflow water having a more substantial impact downstream as the discharge flow increases and sediment concentration decreases.②The sensitivity of downstream water temperature to the outflow water temperature diminishes along the river,and the temperature change at the Lijin section is only 27.5%of that at the Huayuankou section in the same scenario.③The sensitivity of downstream water temperature to the outflow discharge and sediment concentration increases initially and then decreases along the river,with the former reaching its maximum at the Aishan section and the latter reaching its maximum at the Jiahetan section.④Both outflow discharge and sediment concentration have a comparable impact on downstream water temperature.Under the existing sediment discharge scheduling program of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,the maximum effect on downstream water temperature by outflow discharge and sediment concentration is approximately 2℃each.

关 键 词：水温演变 多沙河流 排沙期 水库调度 热交换 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]