粤方言“鬼”的语义来源及演变路径  

The Semantic Origin and Evolutionary Route of the Word“gui”(鬼)in the Cantonese Dialect

作　　者：谢少霞 张荣荣 XIE Shao-xia;ZHANG Rong-rong

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学文学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《五邑大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期85-89,92,共6页Journal of Wuyi University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清末民国汉语五大方言比较研究及数据库建设”(批准号:22&ZD297)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“鬼”的本义是“人死后的灵魂”,其贬义色彩和丰富的形象色彩引申、虚化出“具有与鬼相似的性质或状态”“对某类人的蔑称”“特指外国人”“表示周遍性否定”“表示极性程度意义”等多项语义,可以用作名词、形容词、无定代词、程度副词和标记成分。粤方言与官话“鬼”的语义演变部分重合,形成共有语义七项,特有语义四项。其中“特指外国人”是粤方言进入官话的结果。The original meaning of the word“gui”(鬼)is“the soul of a person after death”,and its derogatory and rich visual colors extended and assumed multiple meanings such as“having properties and states similar to ghosts”“,a derogatory term for people with certain characteristics”,“specifically referring to foreigners”,“indicating universal negation”,“indicating extreme degrees”and so on.It can be used as a noun,adjective,indefinite pronoun,degree adverb and marked constituent.The semantic evolution of“gui”(鬼)in the Cantonese dialect overlapped with that in Mandarin,forming a total of seven general semantic items and four unique semantic items in the Cantonese dialect.Among them“,specifically referring to foreigners”is a result of the Cantonese dialect entering Mandarin.

关 键 词：粤方言 “鬼” 语义来源 演变路径 

分 类 号：H178[语言文字—汉语]