应对气候变化与保护城市生物多样性的协同治理——基于美国30×30项目实施进展与启示  

Collaborative Management to Address Climate Change and Protect Urban Biodiversity Based on the Implementation Progress of the 30×30 Initiative in the US and Its Inspirations

作　　者：冯晓夏 蔡溪 陈安琪 张炜[1] Feng Xiaoxia;Cai Xi;Chen Anqi;Zhang Wei(Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第5期96-104,共9页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662021JC009)。

摘　　要：作为应对气候变化影响与维持生物多样性的一项保护策略,30×30项目在2022年联合国生物多样性公约(COP15)会议上获得通过,拟在2030年前划定全球地表30%的陆地和海洋范围作为保护区域,30×30项目逐渐发展为世界多个国家的一项政府行动。美国于2020年开始实施此项目,采用“基于自然的解决方案”,以实现增加公众接触自然的机会、保护和恢复生物多样性、增强对气候变化的适应力为目标,以美国加利福尼亚州为例,通过基础数据构建基于公众访问、生物多样性保护和气候变化3个方面的绩效评估指标,通过生境建模和分析评估确定优先保护区域,并开展相关行动措施和保护项目;截至2024年5月,已将24.4%的土地和16.2%的沿海水域划定为保护范围,相比2020年增加了约2 554 km~2的保护范围。综上,美国30×30项目的实施为我国自然保护地的管控、评估和优化提供了一定的经验借鉴。As a conservation strategy to address the impacts of climate change and maintain biodiversity,the 30×30 Initiative was approved at the 2022 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Conference(COP15).The initiative aims to designate 30%of the land and ocean area on the earth as protected areas by 2030.The 30×30 Initiative has transformed into governmental initiatives in most countries around the world.The United States started to implement the 30×30 Initiative in 2020 and employed“Nature-based Solutions(NbS)”with the goals of increasing public access to nature,conserving and restoring biodiversity,and increasing resilience to climate change.In the case of California,USA,the project uses various datasets to construct performance indicators based on three aspects:public access,biodiversity conservation,and climate change.Habitat modeling analysis and evaluation is used to prioritize conservation areas and carry out relevant actions and conservation projects.As of May 2024,the 30×30 Initiative has designated 244%of Californias land and 162% of its coastal water area as protected areas,which shows an increase of approximately 2,554 km2 compared to the areas in 2020.The 30×30 Initiative in the US provides a reference for the regulation,assessment,and optimization of protected area in China.

关 键 词：30×30项目 生境保护 生物多样性 自然保护地 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]