在地化的人才模式何以可能?——对西北地区农村婴幼儿照护从业者的考察  

What Makes a Localised Workforce Model Possible?——A Study of Rural Child Care Workers in Northwest China

作　　者：陈玉佩 李雅琳 CHEN Yupei;LI Yalin

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学社会学系,710119

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2024年第6期77-85,共9页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：2021年陕西省社科基金项目“家庭友好政策视阈下陕西省0—3岁婴幼儿托育服务体系建设研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:2021F007。

摘　　要：从业者数量不足、流动性强是0—3岁婴幼儿照护服务发展面临的挑战之一。西北农村地区的一个婴幼儿早期发展项目秉承“使用本地人解决本地事”的理念,聘用与培训当地的女性担任“养育师”,实现了较为稳定的师资队伍。以此为案例,探究在地化的人才队伍模式何以可能。研究发现,在县域就业机会有限的背景下,养育师为曾因生育中断就业、学历普通的本地女性提供了难得的工作机会;这份工作不仅为她们带来了稳定的收入与社会保障,她们也在日常工作实践中逐渐建立起职业认同——获得了早期教育者的专业身份,运用知识和技能为儿童和家庭带来了积极改变,以及为弱势群体提供帮助,因而感受到这份工作的价值和意义,构成长期坚持的重要动力;养育师工作具有家庭友好的特点,并且工作安排与内容契合她们作为家务与育儿责任主要承担者的角色与需求。以上因素共同作用,使得养育师成为县域女性眼中难得且值得长期坚持的职业选择。该案例表明,家庭友好的工作安排与职业认同感的提升对于稳定婴幼儿照护服务人才队伍具有重要意义。The lack of qualified practitioners and the high turnover rate are among the challenges facing the development of O-3 child care services.Following the idea of"using local people to solve local problems",an early childhood development program in the rural area of Northwest China has achieved a stable workforce by employing and training local women as"yangyushi"(nurturing educators).This program is taken as a case study to explore what makes this localised workforce model possible.The study finds that,first,within the structural context of limited employment opportunities in the county economy,yangyushi offers a rare job opportunity for local women with ordinary educational backgrounds who have experienced employment interruption due to maternity.Second,for these women,this job not only provides stable income and social security,but also fosters a sense of occupational identity through their everyday work practice,as they have gained the professional status as early childhood educators,brought positive changes to children and families using their knowledge and skills,and experienced a sense of worth from helping the disadvantaged.Third,the family-friendly work arrangement meets their needs as the primary bearers of housework and childcare responsibilities.These factors combined make yangyushi a rare job opportunity for women in the county region and explain their high levels of occupational and organizational commitment.This case study highlights the importance of family-friendly working arrangements and the construction of professional identity in stabilizing the early childhood workforce.

关 键 词：婴幼儿照护服务 从业者 家庭友好实践 职业认同 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]