林下三七不同管理措施对坡面产流产沙和土壤特性的影响  

Effects of Different Management Measures of Cultivation Panax notoginseng Under Forest on Runoff and Sediment Yield and Soil Characteristics on Slope

作　　者：周云 黎建强[1] 高朗 李京豪 刘方严 刘艳娇 晏慧颖 赵思倩 杨舒媛 ZHOU Yun;LI Jianqiang;GAO Lang;LI Jinghao;LIU Fangyan;LIU Yanjiao;YAN Huiying;ZHAO Siqian;YANG Shuyuan(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学水土保持学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第5期20-30,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：昆明市科技“揭榜挂帅制”项目(2021-J-H-002-02);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0205);云南省科技特派团创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目(202204BI090003);国家自然科学基金项目(32060345)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示不同管理措施对三七[Panax notoginseng(Burkill)F.H.Chen]林地产流产沙和土壤特性的影响,为科学防控林下三七种植的水土流失提供理论依据。[方法]采用野外径流小区原位观测试验,于2022年雨季对不同坡度(5°,10°,15°)自然林地(CK)、林下整地(SP)、无棚三七林地(NC)、有棚三七林地(HC)的产流产沙量进行量化,探究不同管理措施对三七林地坡面产沙产流及土壤特性的影响。[结果](1)2022年寻甸县降雨总量为1031.70 mm,属平水年份。林外和林内累计侵蚀性降雨量分别为845.40,565.60 mm,林冠截留率为9.97%~67.38%。(2)各管理措施三七林地产流产沙存在极显著差异(p<0.01)。与CK相比,SP、NC和HC平均总径流量分别增加272.23%,171.19%和106.89%,平均总产沙量分别增加385.15%,248.82%和138.84%;三七林地布设雨棚有较好的减沙效果。(3)CK、SP的土壤特性分别与其他管理措施三七林地土壤特性存在显著差异;NC和HC的平均几何直径和土壤抗冲系数存在显著差异(p<0.05),其他土壤特性无显著差异;主成分分析显示,不同管理措施三七林地土壤饱和导水率、枯落物储量、土壤体积质量和K值对产流产沙的影响较大。(4)各管理措施三七林地次降雨产流产沙量和降雨量或降雨侵蚀力与降雨强度之间呈显著幂函数关系(p<0.05);总径流量和总产沙量与坡度呈极显著指数关系(p<0.01),R^(2)>0.90;且产流产沙量随着坡度增加,流失增幅越大。[结论]林下整地和林下种植三七导致水土流失显著增加,但最大土壤流失量[34.53 t/(km^(2)·a)]远低于西南岩溶区土壤容许流失量。建议在缓坡林地种植三七,且可通过搭建遮雨棚和改善土壤特性来缓解水力侵蚀。[Objective]Revealing the effects of different management measures on runoff and sediment yield and soil characteristics of[Panax notoginseng(Burkill)F.H.Chen]forest land,can provide a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of soil erosion in understory P.notoginseng cultivation.[Methods]The in-situ observation experiment of field runoff plot was used to quantify the sediment yield of natural forest land(CK),forest prepared land(SP),no canopy P.notoginseng forest land(NC),and canopy P.notoginseng forest land(HC)at different slopes(5°,10°,15°)in the rainy season of 2022.to explore the effects of different management measures on the runoff and sediment yield and soil characteristics of P.notoginseng forest land slope.[Results](1)The total rainfall in Xundian County in 2022 was 1031.70 mm,which belonged to a flat year.The cumulative erosive rainfall outside and inside the forest was 845.40 and 565.60 mm,Canopy interception rates ranged from 9.97%to 67.38%.(2)There were extremely significant(p<0.01)differences in runoff and sediment yield of P.notoginseng forest land under different management measures.Compared with CK,the average total runoff of SP,NC,and HC increased by 272.23%,171.19%,and 106.89%,respectively,and the average total sediment yield increased by 385.15%,248.82%,and 138.84%,respectively.With the increase of slope,the loss increased more significantly.The canopy in P.notoginseng forest has a good effect on sediment reduction.(3)Soil characteristics of CK and SP were significantly different from those of other management measures;There were significant differences in the mean geometric diameter and soil anti-scour coefficient between NC and HC(p<0.05),but no significant differences in other soil characteristics.Principal component analysis showed that soil saturated water conductivity,litter storage,soil bulk density and K value of cultivation P.notoginseng forest had great effects on sediment yield.(4)There was a significant power function relationship between event runoff and sedimen

关 键 词：林下三七 不同管理 产流产沙 降雨特征 土壤特性 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]