东北黑土典型水蚀区农田侵蚀与退化特征  

Characteristics of Erosion and Degradation for Farmlands in the Typical Water Erosion Area of the Black Soil Region,Northeast China

作　　者：马瑞 田芷源 赵艳 武逸杭 梁音[1] MA Rui;TIAN Zhiyuan;ZHAO Yan;WU Yihang;LIANG Yin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室,南京211135 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第5期71-81,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500801);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010202)。

摘　　要：[目的]定量化评价东北黑土区土壤侵蚀退化程度,有助于不同地区因地制宜地布设阻控措施。[方法]以东北黑土典型水蚀区农田为研究对象,采用铯-137(^(137)Cs)示踪技术量化不同样点的土壤侵蚀速率(SER)。基于黑土退化“变薄”“变瘦”“变硬”3大类问题,分别选择SER、pH、有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)和容重(BD)等7个代表性指标,采用全数据集(TDS)和模糊隶属度函数构建土壤退化指数(SDI)。[结果](1)不同样点的平均SER表现为宾县[BX,8417.86 t/(km^(2)·a)]>海伦[HL,7083.96 t/(km^(2)·a)]>公主岭[GZL,3168.71 t/(km^(2)·a)]>北安[BA,2786.09 t/(km^(2)·a)]>龙江[LJ,2722.46 t/(km^(2)·a)],其中BX和HL属于强烈侵蚀,GZL、BA和LJ属于中度侵蚀;(2)SER与SOM、TN、TP呈显著负幂函数关系,而与BD呈显著正对数关系(p<0.05),R^(2)为0.222~0.532,表明土壤侵蚀显著加剧黑土养分流失和土层硬化;(3)黑土农田“变薄”“变瘦”“变硬”之间存在相互影响,SDI表现为BX(0.44)>HL(0.36)>LJ(0.21)>GZL(0.10)>BA(0.05)。[结论]研究结果可为东北黑土区侵蚀退化诊断评价和精准防治提供科学支撑。[Objective]Quantitatively evaluating the magnitude of soil erosion and degradation in the black soil region of Northeast China,can deliver benefits to accurately implement conservation practices in different areas.[Methods]The farmlands in the typical water erosion area of the black soil region of Northeast China were taken as the research objects,and the caesium-137(^(137)Cs)tracing method was applied to quantify soil erosion rate(SER)for different sampling sites.Based on the three categories of black soil degradation,i.e.,thinner,poorer,and harder,seven representative indicators were selected,including SER,pH,soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total potassium(TK),and bulk density(BD).A soil degradation index(SDI)was developed by using total dataset(TDS)and fuzzy membership function methods.[Results](1)The average SER for different sites displayed an order of Bin County[BX,8417.86 t/(km^(2)·a)]>Hailun[HL,7083.96 t/(km^(2)·a)]>Gongzhuling[GZL,3168.71 t/(km^(2)·a)]>Beian[BA,2786.09 t/(km^(2)·a)]>Longjiang[LJ,2722.46 t/(km^(2)·a)].According to the SER,BX and HL were classified as the intense erosion degree,whereas GZL,BA and LJ were classified as the moderate erosion degree;(2)There were significant and negative power function relationships between SER and SOM,TN,TP,but a significant and positive logarithmic relationship between SER and BD(p<0.05),with R 2 ranging from 0.222 to 0.532,which indicated that soil erosion substantially exacerbates nutrient loss and soil hardening in black soils;(3)The processes of thinner,poorer,and harder showed significant interactions in the farmlands of black soils.The SDI for different sites followed an order of BX(0.44)>HL(0.36)>LJ(0.21)>GZL(0.10)>BA(0.05).[Conclusion]The findings can provide scientific support for the diagnosis,evaluation and accurate mitigation of soil erosion and degradation in the black soil region of Northeast China.

关 键 词：黑土 土壤退化 ^(137)Cs 土壤质量 全数据集 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]