不同降雨类型下植被剔除对灌木林降雨再分配特征的影响  

Effects of Vegetation Exclusion on Rainfall Redistribution Characteristics of Shrubs Under Different Rainfall Types

作　　者：宫联沙 杨静 戴全厚[1] 聂云鹏[2,3] 周畅[1,2] GONG Liansha;YANG Jing;DAI Quanhou;NIE Yunpeng;ZHOU Chang(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huanjiang,Guangxi 547100,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第5期315-322,331,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般223);国家自然科学基金项目(42161009,31971438)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究不同季节及降雨类型下,林分冠层结构发生改变对降雨分配特征的影响。[方法]以喀斯特区典型灌木林为研究对象,选取3个10 m×10 m的样地,分别进行30%(TC_(30))和10%(TC_(10))的植被剔除,并以不剔除(TC_(0))作为对照,分别于旱雨季对剔除处理后各样地的穿透雨、树干径流等进行监测。[结果]旱雨季不同降雨类型下,各样地穿透雨率为72.3%~96.6%,不同剔除比例下样地间穿透雨率总体上无明显差异。无论在旱季或雨季,树干径流率在各降雨类型下均表现为TC_(0)(5.6%~13.9%)>TC_(10)(4.8%~8.1%)>TC_(30)(2.1%~6.1%),其中旱季中雨、雨季大雨和雨季暴雨下差异显著(p<0.05)。相较TC_(0)和TC_(10),TC_(30)样地的降雨输入量(穿透雨+树干径流)在旱季或雨季均为最高(分别为98.9%和94.8%)。[结论]综上可知,剔除植被对穿透雨率影响不明显,但可显著降低树干径流率,且适当疏林可提高降雨输入量,增加土壤和植被可用水量,提高降雨-土壤水转化效率,研究结果可为喀斯特区提高降水资源利用效率提供参考。[Objective]In order to explore the effects of canopy structure changes on rainfall distribution characteristics under different seasons and rainfall types.[Methods]Taking karst typical shrub forest as the research object,three 10 m×10 m plots were selected to remove 30%(TC_(30))and 10%(TC_(10))vegetation,respectively,and no exclusion(TC_(0))was used as the control to monitor the throughfall and stemflow of each sample plot after removal in the dry and rainy seasons.[Results]The throughfall rate of each sample plot was 72.3%~96.6%under different rainfall types in the dry and rainy season,and there was no significant difference in the throughfall rate of each sample plot under different rainfall types or exclusion ratios.However,the stemflow rate was TC_(0)(5.6%~13.9%)>TC_(10)(4.8%~8.1%)>TC_(30)(2.1%~6.1%)in both dry and rainy seasons,and there were significant differences under moderate rainfall in dry season,heavy rain in rainy season and heavy rain in rainy season(p<0.05).In addition,compared with TC_(0)and TC_(10),TC_(30)had the highest rainfall input(throughfall+stemflow)in both the dry and rainy seasons(98.9%and 94.8%,respectively).[Conclusion]The removal of vegetation has no obvious effect on the throughfall rate,but can significantly reduce the stemflow rate,and appropriate forest thinning can increase rainfall input,increase soil and vegetation water availability,and improve the rainfall-soil water conversion efficiency,which can provide a reference for improving the rainfall resource use efficiency in karst areas.

关 键 词：穿透雨 树干径流 旱雨季 降雨类型 喀斯特区 

分 类 号：S715.2[农业科学—林学]