2015—2023年重庆市疾病预防控制中心职业性噪声聋诊断病例的流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise-induced deafness diagnosed in chongqing center for disease control and prevention from 2015 to 2023

作　　者：邱翠娟 程甜甜 金楠[1] QIU Cuijuan;CHENG Tiantian;JIN Nan(Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400707,China.)

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400707

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第11期1351-1357,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：重庆市卫生健康委医学科研项目(项目编号:2023WSJK106);重庆市首批公共卫生重点学科(专科)

摘　　要：目的通过分析职业性噪声聋(ONID)诊断病例流行病学特征,为ONID的防治和监管提供依据。方法收集2015—2023年间由重庆市疾病预防中心诊断的ONID病例的基本信息、接噪工龄、企业情况、诊断结论等资料,进行回顾性调查分析。采用t检验、秩和检验对不同类型样本数据进行比较分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果2015—2023年间共有717例劳动者申请进行ONID诊断,确诊ONID 378例,以轻度为主(78.31%)。ONID病例数总体呈上升趋势;主要分布在都市区,有346例(91.53%);男性351例,女性27例,平均发病年龄为(49.3±6.3)岁,不同性别的发病年龄差异有统计学意义(t=3.367,P=0.001),接噪工龄M(P25,P75)为10.0(7.0,17.0)年,不同性别接噪工龄差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.850,P=0.395);分布的企业类型以私营企业为主,有271例(71.69%);企业规模以中型、小型企业为主,共291例(76.99%);分布行业以制造业为主,有337例(89.15%)。339名不能诊断为ONID的原因主要是纯音听阈检查结果未达职业性噪声聋诊断标准,有198例(58.41%)。结论重庆市疾病预防控制中心新确诊的ONID病例数总体呈波动性上升趋势,出现区域性、行业性聚集的特征,需加强监督与管理力度,保护职业人群健康,预防ONID的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise deafness(ONID),and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of ONID.Methods Basic information,noise exposure years,enterprise situation,diagnostic conclusions,and other data of ONID cases diagnosed by Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected from 2015 to2023,and a retrospective investigation and analysis were conducted.Results Between 2015 and2023,a total of 717 workers applied for ONID diagnosis,with 378 confirmed cases,mainly mild(78.31%).The overall number of ONID cases was on the rise;Mainly distributed in urban areas,with 346 cases(91.53%);There were 351 males and 27 females,with an average age of onset of(49.3±6.3)years.There was a statistically significant difference in age of onset between genders(t=3.367,P=0.001),and the length of service M(P_(25),P_(75))was 10.0(7.0,17.0)years.There was no statistically significant difference in the length of service between genders(Z=-0.850,P=0.395).Private enterprises were the main types of enterprises distributed,with 271 cases(71.69%);The enterprise scale was mainly composed of small and medium-sized enterprises,with a total of 291 cases(76.99%);The distribution industry was mainly manufacturing,with 337 cases(accounting for 89.15%).The main reason why 339 cases cannot be diagnosed as ONID was that the pure tone hearing threshold test results did not meet the diagnostic criteria for occupational noise induced hearing loss,with 198 cases(58.41%).Conclusions The number of newly diagnosed ONID cases in Chongqing Center for Disease Control and prevention shows a fluctuating upward trend,with regional and industry clustering characteristics.It is necessary to strengthen supervision and management,protect the health of occupational populations,and prevent the occurrence of ONID.

关 键 词：职业性噪声聋 流行病学 特征 防治 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]