2014—2021年攀枝花市艾滋病病毒抗体检测情况分析  

Analysis of HIV antibody detection in Panzhihua City from 2014 to 2021

作　　者：李春霞[1] 谭志灵 夏云[1] 刘瑜[1] 谭琴[1] LI Chunxia;TAN Zhiling;XIA Yun;LIU Yu;TAN Qin(Panzhihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Panzhihua 617000,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]攀枝花市疾病预防控制中心,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第11期1382-1387,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解2014—2021年攀枝花市艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测及筛查阳性、确证阳性情况,为制定科学的艾滋病检测发现策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制系统下载2014—2021年攀枝花市HIV抗体检测表和历史卡片,采用Excel 2010和SPSS 23.0软件进行描述性统计分析和χ^(2)检验,分析不同年度、县(区)、样本来源和检测机构HIV抗体检测,筛查阳性和确证检测阳性情况。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2014—2021年攀枝花市HIV抗体筛查覆盖率、筛查阳性率和确证阳性率分别为25.96%、4.111‰和1.744‰。攀枝花市筛查覆盖率逐年上升,由2014年的15.75%上升至2021年的41.45%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=434728.886,P<0.001);筛查阳性率和确证阳性率在2014—2017年分别保持在一定水平,自2018年起呈现逐年下降趋势。HIV抗体检测主要来源一般就诊者(64.36%)和其他类人群(21.39%),其他类人群以50岁及以上人群筛查(36.31%)和社区居民筛查(32.51%)为主;主要来源市级医疗机构(53.48%)。筛查阳性数主要来源一般就诊者(65.21%),主要来源市级医疗机构(59.86%)。结论攀枝花市HIV抗体筛查覆盖率逐年上升,但筛查阳性率和确证阳性率逐年下降;医疗机动提供艾滋病检测咨询是艾滋病感染者和病人(HIV/AIDS)检测发现的重要途径;攀枝花市应持续推进扩大检测策略,提高检测效率,特别是加强医疗机构就诊者检测力度,试点重点乡镇(街道)的全人群筛查,最大限度检测发现病例,做到早检测、早发现、早诊断和早治疗,降低HIV的新发感染,有效控制疫情。Objective To understand the positive and confirmed HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)antibody detection and screening in Panzhihua City from 2014 to 2021,and to provide basis for developing scientific AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)detection strategy.Methods HIV antibody test form and history cards of Panzhihua City from 2014 to 2021 were downloaded through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System.Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square test were conducted by Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 software.The HIV antibody detection,screening for positive results and confirmation positive results of different years,counties/districts,sample sources and testing institutions were analyzed.Results The screening coverage rate,the screening positive rate and the confirmation positive rate of HIV antibody detection were 25.96%,4.111‰and 1.744‰,respectively,in Panzhihua City from 2014 to 2021.The screening coverage rate in Panzhihua City increased year by year,from 15.75%in 2014 to 41.45%in 2021,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)_(trend)=434728.886,P<0.001).The positive rate of screening and confirmation remained at a certain level from 2014 to 2017,respectively,and showed a downward trend year by year since 2018.The main sources of HIV antibody detection were general patients(64.36%)and other groups of people(21.39%),and other groups of people were mainly people aged 50 and above(36.31%)and community residents(32.51%).The main source of HIV antibody detection was municipal medical institutions(53.48%).The main sources of positive screening were general patients(65.21%)and municipal medical institutions(59.86%).Conclusions In Panzhihua City,the coverage rate of HIV antibody screening increased year by year,but the positive rate of screening and confirmation decreased year by year.An important way to detect HIV/AIDS patients is medical institutions providing HIV/AIDS testing and counseling.Therefore,we should continue to promote the expansion of testing strategies,improve testing effic

关 键 词：攀枝花市 艾滋病病毒 抗体检测 筛查阳性率 确证阳性率 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]