2017—2023年南充市生活饮用水中三氯甲烷健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of chloroform in drinking water in Nanchong City from 2017 to 2023

作　　者：甘霖[1] 邱静[1] 熊缘 张东升 刘华平[1] GAN Lin;QIU Jing;XIONG Yuan;ZHANG Dongsheng;LIU Huaping(Nanchong Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第11期1437-1444,1478,共9页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的评估南充市生活饮用水中三氯甲烷通过饮水途径给不同人群带来的健康风险,为采取针对性健康环境风险管理措施提供科学依据。方法收集2017—2023年南充市生活饮用水水质卫生监测数据,通过化学物质环境健康风险评估模型,分经口和皮肤接触2种途径,使用三氯甲烷质量浓度中位数进行成人致癌风险及慢性非致癌风险评估,使用最大值进行儿童和成人最大非致癌风险评估,并对不同水期、水样、年份进行分层比较,不同组别分别采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行分析,直线相关采用Spearman秩相关分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果2017—2023年南充市11085份城乡生活饮用水中三氯甲烷检出率为13.37%,超标率为0.55%,检出质量浓度在市辖三区城市供水728份水样中的分布较为集中,检出率为59.75%,质量浓度中位数M为3.95×10-3mg/L,超标率为0.96%。南充市农村地区及6县(市、区)城市生活饮用水中三氯甲烷的致癌风险和慢性非致癌风险较低。市辖三区城市供水中三氯甲烷对成人具有一定致癌风险(CCR=4.81×10^(-6)),慢性非致癌风险较低(HI=0.014);经口摄入是饮水暴露的主要途径;女性致癌风险(CCR=5.01×10^(-6))和慢性非致癌风险(HI=0.01399)均高于男性(CCR=4.63×10^(-6),HI=0.01395);管网末梢水(CCR=17.05×10^(-6),HI=0.050)高于出厂水(CCR=9.87×10^(-6),HI=0.029),二次供水致癌和慢性非致癌风险较低;三氯甲烷水样浓度逐年递增,成人致癌风险CCR从2017年的2.56×10^(-6)增加到2023年的20.10×10^(-6)。0~9岁儿童最大经口非致癌风险HQoral-max(1.0040~1.4358)和总非致癌风险HImax(1.0101~1.4409)较高,年龄越小非致癌风险越大。结论南充市主城区城市供水中三氯甲烷的致癌风险对成人在可接收范围内,但浓度逐年递增,需引起关注。Objective To evaluate the health risk of chloroform(TCM)in drinking water in Nanchong City to different populations through drinking water pathway,and to provide scientific basis for implementing targeted healthy environmental risk management measures.Methods The monitoring data of drinking water quality and sanitation in Nanchong City from 2017 to 2023 were collected for calculating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of TCM exposure by oral and skin absorption pathways respectively through the environmental health risk assessment model.The median concentration of chloroform was used to evaluate the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks in adults,and the maximum concentration of chloroform was used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk in children and adults.Stratified analyses were carried out for different water seasons,sample types and years.Different groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test,Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test.Spearman rank correlation was used for linear correlation.And the test level wasα=0.05.Results The detection rate of chloroform in 11085 urban and rural drinking water samples in Nanchong City from 2017 to 2023 was 13.37%,and the exceeding rate was0.55%.The distribution of detected quality concentration in 728 water samples of urban water supply in the three districts under the jurisdiction of the city was relatively concentrated,the detection rate was 59.75%,the median was 3.95×10~(-3)mg/L,and the exceeding rate was 0.96%.The carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks of chloroform in rural areas and urban drinking water in 6 counties/cities/districts of Nanchong City were low.The chloroform in the water supply of the three districts under the municipal jurisdiction had a certain carcinogenic risk for adults(cumulative carcinogenic risk CCR=4.81×10^(-6)),and its chronic non-carcinogenic risks for adults was low(hazard index HI=0.014).Oral intake was the main route of exposure to drinking water.Women had higher carcinogenic(CCR=5.01×10^(-6))

关 键 词：生活饮用水 三氯甲烷 不同人群 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]