公路施工扬尘的传播扩散规律仿真模拟研究  

Simulation of the Dispersion and Diffusion Law of Highway Construction Dust

作　　者：韩劲草 赵宏宇 张长林 陈健 程姝怡 HAN Jincao;ZHAO Hongyu;ZHANG Changlin;CHEN Jian;CHENG Shuyi(Transportation Department Center of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450016,China;Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省交通事业发展中心,郑州450016 [2]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,西安710064

出　　处：《西安工业大学学报》2024年第5期635-646,共12页Journal of Xi’an Technological University

基　　金：河南省交通运输厅科技项目(2020J-2-16)。

摘　　要：为了解决在公路工程现场进行施工扬尘传播观测实验受环境条件影响严重的问题,采用仿真模拟试验与现场观测实验相结合的方法对公路施工扬尘的传播扩散规律进行研究。首先,根据依托工程土体取样参数与风力条件,通过计算流体力学(CFD)软件构建了施工扬尘仿真模型,分别模拟了风速为5 m·s^(-1)与3 m·s^(-1)下的车辆引起施工扬尘的传播扩散情况;然后,在公路工程现场通过仪器观测了工程车辆行驶引起的施工扬尘在长距离传播扩散过程中的浓度值变化情况;最后,通过现场观测实验验证基于CFD构建的施工扬尘仿真模型分析结果的合理性。研究表明:仿真风速为5 m·s^(-1)和3 m·s^(-1)时车辆引起的施工扬尘团传播速度分别为5 m·s^(-1)与2.9 m·s^(-1),在距停车位置45,65,85 m远处扬尘的峰值浓度为分别为228.1,194.2,162.5与515.8,449.9,395.7μg·m^(-3),现场的观测实验结果介于仿真结果之间。基于施工现场土样参数与风力条件构建的公路施工扬尘仿真模型具有较高保真度。The observation experiment of construction dust dispersion on highway engineering sites is seriously affected by environmental conditions.In order to solve this problem,the paper presents a method which combines simulation tests and field observation experiments for studying the dispersion and diffusion law of road construction dust.Firstly,based on the soil sampling parameters and wind conditions of the highway project,a simulation model of construction dust was constructed with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software,and the dispersion and diffusion of construction dust caused by vehicles when wind speeds were 5 m·s^(-1)and 3 m·s^(-1)were respectively simulated.Then,at the site of the highway project,the variation of the concentration value of construction dust caused by the driving engineering vehicles in the long-distance dispersion and diffusion process was observed with instruments.Finally,the rationality of the results obtained by the CFD based construction dust simulation model was verified through field observation experiments.The study shows that when the simulation wind speeds are 5 m·s^(-1)and 3 m·s^(-1),the construction dust clouds caused by vehicles disperse at 5 m·s^(-1)and 2.9 m·s^(-1),respectively,and that the peak concentrations of dust at distances of 45,65,and 85 m from the parking position are 228.1,194.2,162.5 and 515.8,449.9,395.7μg·m^(-3),respectively.The results of the field observation experiments are between the simulation results.Therefore,the simulation model of highway construction dust built on the soil sample parameters and wind conditions at the construction site has a high fidelity.

关 键 词：公路施工扬尘 工程车辆 流体力学仿真模拟 施工扬尘观测 

分 类 号：U415[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X734[环境科学与工程—环境工程]