高强导电耐磨Cu-Fe-C复合材料的设计与制备  

Design and Preparation of High Strength Electrical Conductive and Wear Resisting Cu-Fe-C Composites

作　　者：肖天成 邹存磊 张爽 李长鸣 曲晚勤 王峻赫 董闯 XIAO Tiancheng;ZOU Cunlei;ZHANG Shuang;LI Changming;QU Wanqin;WANG Junhe;DONG Chuang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;Engineering Research Center of Continuous Extrusion,Ministry of Education,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]大连交通大学连续挤压教育部工程研究中心,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《铜业工程》2024年第5期97-106,共10页Copper Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52171134,51901033);大连市科技创新基金应用基础研究项目(2022JJ12GX039);大连市优秀青年科技人才项目(2022RY14);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2203113)资助。

摘　　要：以高强导电耐磨Cu-Fe-C复合材料为研究对象,采用真空熔铸及变形热处理工艺,制备了不同C含量的Cu-Fe-C复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电导率测定仪、维氏硬度测试仪、电子万能试验机等设备对Cu-Fe-C复合材料的组织结构和性能进行了检测与分析。结果表明,固溶温度对Cu-Fe-C复合材料的力学和电学性能有显著影响,材料硬度随固溶温度升高而降低,在1000℃时硬度达到最低值HV 77,且观察到了明显的过烧现象。复合材料的电导率也随固溶温度升高而降低,但在固溶温度900℃后就趋于不变,电导率达到最低值18%IACS,这主要是由于Fe和C元素已充分固溶。经过热轧、固溶、冷轧时效后,相较于铸态和固溶态,材料的电导率和硬度均有明显的升高,分别达到了56%IACS和HV 155。此外,随着C含量的增加,复合材料的界面会成为脆弱的铜石墨界面,强度和电导率稍有降低。复合材料的摩擦系数随C含量的增加明显降低,说明石墨的析出明显提高了复合材料的耐磨性。In this paper,Cu-Fe-C composites with different carbon contents were prepared by vacuum melting casting and deformation heat treatment.The microstructures and properties of Cu-Fe-C composites were tested and analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),metallographic microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),conductivity tester,Vickers hardness tester and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that the mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Fe-C composites are significantly affected by the solution temperature.The hardness of the composites decreases with increasing solution temperature.The hardness reaches the lowest value of HV 77 at 1000℃,and overburning is observed.The conductivity of the composite also decreases with the increase of the solution temperature,but it tends to remain unchanged after the solution temperature of 900℃,and the conductivity reaches the lowest value of 18%IACS,mainly because Fe and C elements have been sufficiently solid dissolved.After hot rolling,solid solution and cold rolling,the conductivity and hardness of the material were significantly increased,reaching 56%IACS and HV 155,compared with the ascast and solid solution.In addition,with the increase of C content,the strength and conductivity of the composite are slightly reduced due to the weak copper-graphite interface.The friction coefficient of composite decreases with increase of C content,indicating that the precipitation of graphite significantly improves the wear resistance of the composite.

关 键 词：Cu-Fe-C 热处理 摩擦磨损 硬度 电导率 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]