玉溪市家鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌噬菌体的分离及鉴定  

Isolation and identification of Yersinia pestis phage from plague foci of common house mice in Yuxi City

作　　者：彭海燕[1] 钟佑宏[1] 张海鹏[1] 段存娟 苏超[1] 石丽媛[1] 吴鹤松[1] PENG Haiyan;ZHONG Youhong;ZHANG Haipeng;DUAN Cunjuan;SU Chao;SHI Liyuan;WU Hesong(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention(Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Natural Epidemic Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology),Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所(云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室),云南大理671000

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第12期1145-1148,1153,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660043);云南省高层次卫生技术人才培养经费资助(L-2019001,H-2019003)。

摘　　要：目的调查云南省玉溪市家鼠鼠疫疫源地宿主动物中是否携带鼠疫耶尔森菌噬菌体,并进行分离鉴定。方法2018年8月—2019年8月在新平县、峨山县、元江县和红塔区捕鼠。以鼠疫耶尔森菌(简称“鼠疫菌”)EV 76疫苗株为宿主菌,使用双层琼脂平板法进行鼠疫菌噬菌体的分离,对分离而得的部分噬菌体进行初步鉴定。并用PCR法检测鼠疫菌特异基因caf1。结果本次调查共捕获452只鼠类标本,分离到31株鼠疫菌噬菌体,总分离率为6.86%;10株分离自褐家鼠,分离率为5.56%;8株分离自黄胸鼠,分离率为6.61%;6株分离自小家鼠,分离率为10.34%;3株分离自斯氏家鼠,分离率为10.34%;3株分离自大足鼠,分离率为15.79%,1株分离自松鼠,分离率为25.00%。不同宿主动物鼠疫菌噬菌体分离率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.813,P>0.05)。4个县(区)均分离出鼠疫菌噬菌体,13个采样点中11个采样点分离出鼠疫菌噬菌体,分离率为84.62%。各采样点分离率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.505,P<0.05)。噬菌体在平板上表现出大(d≥1.8mm)、中(0.8mm≤d<1.8 mm)和小(d<0.8mm)噬菌斑;未检测到caf1基因。结论玉溪市家鼠鼠疫疫源地内存在鼠疫菌噬菌体,噬菌斑呈多态性。3株噬菌体形态符合肌尾噬菌体科特征。Objective To investigate whether the host animals in the plague foci of common house mice in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province carry the Yersinia pestis phages,and to isolate and identify the phages.Methods From August 2018 to August 2019,mice were captured in Xinping County,Eshan County,Yuanjiang County and Hongta District.Isolation of Yersinia pestis phage with Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)vaccine strain EV 76 as host bacterium by double-layer agar plate method,and some of the isolated phages were preliminarily identified.The specific caf1 gene of Yersinia pestis was detected by PCR.Results A total of 452 rodent samples were collected,from which 31 strains of Yersinia pestis phage were isolated,with a total isolation rate of 6.86%.Among them,10 strains were isolated from Rattus norvegicus,with an isolation rate of 5.56%;8 strains were isolated from Rattus tanezumi,with an isolation rate of 6.61%;6 strains were isolated from Mus musculus,with an isolation rate of 10.34%;3 strains were isolated from Rattus rattus sladeni,with an isolation rate of 10.34%;3 strains were isolated from Rattus nitidus,with an isolation rate of 15.79%;1 strain was isolated from Squirrel,with an isolation rate of 25.00%.There was no statistically significant difference in the isolation rates of Yersinia pestis phages among different host animals(χ^(2)=10.813,P>0.05).The Yersinia pestis phages were isolated from all four counties(districts),and 11 out of the 13 sampling points were isolated with Yersinia pestis phages,with an isolation rate of 84.62%.The difference in the isolation rate among each sampling point was statistically significant(χ^(2)=27.505,P<0.05).These phages showed three types of plaques on the plate:large(d≥1.8mm),middle(0.8mm≤d<1.8mm)and small(d<0.8mm).The caf1 gene was not detected.Conclusion The Yersinia pestis phages exist in the plague epidemic focus of common house mice in Yuxi City,and their plaques are polymorphic.The morphology of the 3 phage strains conforms to the characteristics of the Myoviridae family.

关 键 词：鼠疫菌噬菌体 家鼠鼠疫疫源地 玉溪市 分离 初步鉴定 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]